Media

Question 1

The media

Answer 1

With the emergence of other mass media, radio as a medium may be at stake in the future.
با‍‍‍ ‍ظهور رسانه های گروهی دیگر رادیو به عنوان یک رسانه ممکن است در آینده در خطر باشد.

The role of the news media in forming public opinion is very important.

کلمه media را هیچگاه بدون the به کار نبرید.
با media همیشه از فعل جمع استفاده کنید.
مفرد media کلمه medium است.

عبارت at stake یعنی در معرض خطر

رسانه های گروهی the mass media

Question 2

Obsolete

Answer 2

No longer useful, because something newer and better has been invented
از مد افتاده = out-of-date

One of the main reasons why radio would not become obsolete in the near future is that driving is common across the world and the radio is a regular device installed in a car.

Will computers render books obsolete?

وقتی می گوییم thing1 render thing2 obsolete یعنی چیز۱ باعث از مد افتادن چیز۲ می شود.
Obsolete رافقط برای اشیا و تکنولوژی به کار ببرید

Question 3

Means of

Answer 3

A way of doing or achieving something

Listening to the radio while driving is an effective means of taking full advantage of time and gaining the latest information.

For most people, the car is still their main means of transport.

کلمه means در حالت مفرد و جمع همیشه s دارد.

Question 4

Access

Answer 4

Access to the papers is restricted to senior management.

For those people who have no time in watching TV, radio provides easy access to information.

کلمه access هم اسم است و هم فعل. در حالت اسم می توان از حرف اضافه to استفاده کرد اما در حالت فعل از حرف اضافه استفاده نکنید.

You can access the latest information.
You can have access to the latest information.

Question 5

The advent of something

Answer 5

The advent of other technologies has also sustained the popularity of radio.

Sustain حفظ کردن

Question 6

Convey

Answer 6

To communicate or express something, with or without using words
رساندن / نقل کردن

Radio is unable to convey messages with sight and motion as television or Internet does.

All this information can be conveyed in a simple diagram.

Question 7

Hi-tech/ High-tech

Answer 7

High-tech industries

The improvement in hi-tech devices

Question 8

Prevalence

Answer 8

Being common at a particular time, in a particular place, or among a particular group of people
شیوع

Because of their prevalence, televisions and films are among those media that potentially affect, change or mould people’s thoughts and behaviors.

Drug abuse is the most prevalent problem among patients in the hospital.

صفت prevalent را به معنی شایع و متداول می توان به جای common هم به کار برد

Question 9

Censor

Answer 9

سانسور کردن

Some programs should be censored so as to curb violence.

The information given to the press was carefully censored by the Ministry of Defense.

فعل curb به معنی محدود کردن به جای limit استفاده می شود.

Question 10

Audience

Answer 10

Audiences imitate their role models.
مخاطبین از الگوهای خود تقلید می کنند.

استفاده از کلمه pattern و symbol به جای شخص (الگو) اشتباه است. از role model استفاده شود.

کلمه audience باید با فعل جمع بیاید.

Question 11

Broadcast

Answer 11

Aiming at a high audience rating, TV program producers are inclined to broadcast crime reports.

Question 12

Pervasive

Answer 12

The pervasive influence of television

Any invention as pervasive as television is bound to have some harmful effects.

در نوشته های خود به جای will و would می توانید از to be bound to استفاده کنید. این ترکیب برای writing بسیار مناسب است زیرا کمی ایده ها را غیر قطعی تر می کند.

Question 13

Isolated

Answer 13

Children of very rich parents can grow up isolated from the rest of society.

Question 14

to be exposed to

Answer 14

Not to be protected against

There is the issue of whether or not children should be exposed to such violent images.

Many people are exposed to fumes from industrial process.

Question 15

Traumatised

Answer 15

To be badly shocked and affected by something for a very long time
آسیب روحی دیدن
Violent images on television can be potentially disturbing for children and that some of them may be severely traumatized by seeing such things.

These children have been traumatized by the violence in their home.

برای تمام رسانه ها از حرف اضافه on استفاده می شود.

از potentially می توانید قبل از صفات خود استفاده کنید. این صفت یعنی در حال حاضر اینطوری نیست ولی کم کم می شود. وقتی می گوییم potentially dangerous …

Question 16

Forewarn

Answer 16

To warn someone about something dangerous, unpleasant, or unexpected before it happens

Viewers are not always forewarned that a report may include distressing pictures.

We’d been forewarned of the dangers of traveling at night.

Question 17

Regulate

Answer 17

To control an activity or process, especially by rules
تنظیم کردن

Now all our free time is regulated by the media, especially television. We rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that program.

Sweating helps regulate body temperature.

کلمه specially یعنی برای هدف خاصی ساخته شده یا انجام شده و کلمه expecially با کاما یعنی خصوصا
The stamps were specially designed to …
Paris is always full of tourists, especially during the summer months.

Question 18

Demand

Answer 18

Television demands absolute silence and attention.

Angry demonstrators demanded the resignation of two senior officials.
تظاهرات کنندگان خشن تقاضای استعفای دو مقام ارشد را داشتند

Question 19

Be common/standard/normal practice

Answer 19

To be the usual and accepted way of doing something
رویه معمول شدن

It is now standard practice for mother to keep the children quiet by putting them in front of the TV set.
در حال حاضر این برای مادران یک رویه معمول شده است که کودکان را با گذاشتن آنها در مقابل تلویزیون ساکت نگه دارند.

It is common practice in many countries for pupils to repeat a year if their grades are low.

Question 20

Commercial

Answer 20

Part of the reason that commercials are effective is that they are, in a sense, invisible.

Media education has been shown to be effective in mitigating some of the negative effects of advertising on children adolecsents.

عبارت in a sense یعنی به نوعی
برای کم کردن اثرات چیزی می توانید از mitigate یا alleviate استفاده کنید.

Question 21

Stifle

Answer 21

To stop something from happening or developing

خفه کردن/خاموش کردن

Everyday, television stifles creativity in children because of its passive enjoyments.
Teachers have been attacked for stifling creativity in their pupils.

Question 22

Dependent

Answer 22

We have become utterly dependent on/upon the two most primitive media of communication: pictures and spoken word.

Question 23

Content with

Answer 23

Happy and satisfied with
خوشحال و راضی از
We become content with second-hand experiences.

We’ll be content with the result in tomorrow’s match.

Question 24

Cut somebody/something off

Answer 24

To separate something by cutting it away from the main part
کسی/چیزی را از اصل خود جدا کردن

Little by little, television cuts us off from the real world.
کم کم تلویزیون ما را از دنیای واقعی جدا می کند.

One of his fingers was cut off in the accident.

Question 25

Splendid

Answer 25

پر زرق و برق

Television may be a splendid medium of communication, but it prevents us from communicating with each other.

Question 26

Mean (that)

Answer 26

باعث شدن (که)

Increased speed of communication means that people can act much more quickly.

Question 27

Change beyond recognition

Answer 27

Change completely

Newspapers have changed almost beyond recognition.

The bakery business has changed beyond recognition in the last 10 years.

Question 28

Conceivable

Answer 28

Able to be believed or imagined
قابل تصور

We are exposed to a wealth of information, barely conceivable at the beginning of the last century.

We discussed the problem from every conceivable angle.

Opp: invonceivable

Question 29

Freedom of expression/speech

Answer 29

Freedom of expression is the keystone of a free country.

Question 30

Abuse position

Answer 30

To deliberately use position for the wrong purpose or for your own advantage
سو استفاده از مقام

While the media may occasionally abuse its position of power, the benefits greatly outweigh the disadvantages.

Williams abused his position as Mayer to give jobs to his friends.

Question 31

Exercise

Answer 31

To use a power, right, or quality that you have
استفاده از حق یا قدرتی که دارید

You should exercise your right as a parent to protect your children from undesirable influences.

There are plans to encourage people to exercise their right to vote.

You should exercise censorship where children are concerned.

Question 32

Influence, impact, effect

Answer 32

کلمه influence معمولا تاثیر روی رفتار یا طرز فکر کسی است.
کلمه impact معمولا تاثیر برزگی است که به خاطر یک رویداد یا اتفاق خاص به وجود می آید.
کلمه effect شامل همه موارد

The article talks about the influence of television on sporting events.

We need to assess the impact on climate change.

Question 33

For the good of somebody / something

Answer 33

برای منفعت …
Censorship is for the good of society as a whole.
We must work together for the good of the community.

Question 34

The common good

Answer 34

منفعت عموم

Like the law, censorship contributes to the common good.

Drunk-driving laws were made for the common good.