Environment Flashcards
Environmentally-friendly
Earth-friendly or not harmful to the environment
The adoption of environmentally-friendly equipment can reduce waste and minimize pollution.
The term ‘environmentally-friendly’ means making choices that are better for environment.
کلمه equipment همیشه به صورت مفرد به کار می رود.
کلمه waste به معنی پسماند همیشه به صورت مفرد به کار می رود.
کلمه rubbish زباله های غذا یا کاغذ و … که دیگر قابل استفاده نیستند.
معادل آمریکایی rubbish کلمات trash و garbage هستند.
Environmentally-damaging
Some large industries in the past, when asked to make their production less environmentally-damaging, were worried about the rise in operational costs.
The government ordered to end environmentally-damaging industries.
Pay off
If something you do pays off, it is successful or has a good result
Teamwork paid off.
We put a lot of hard work, and that’s really starting to pay off now.
Revamp
To renovate, revise, or restructure
بازسازی کردن و بهبود بخشیدن
Many older companies are revamping their image.
Many money is needed to revamp the environment.
Degradation
The process by which something changes to a worse condition
فرسایش / تخریب
Environmental degradation has been recognized as one of the main challenges that people have to overcome in the 21st century.
The report speaks of extensive environmental degradation caused by high population growth.
Deterioration
Becoming worse
The rapid deterioration of environment is believed to impose a severe threat on people’s survival in the years ahead.
Air quality is rapidly deteriorating in our cities.
برای عبارت “سال های بعد” می توانید از ترکیب in the years ahead استفاده کنید.
Use up
To use all of something
He has used up all the hot water.
Air travel should be restricted because it causes serious pollution and will use up the world’s resources.
به خاطر داشته باشید که از کلمه travel در حالت اسم (غیر قابل شمارش) فقط وقتی منظورتان نوع مسافرت ها است استفاده کنید. مثلا مسافرت هوایی …
Noise pollution
Although it is difficult to measure the actual impact of noise pollution on people’s everyday lives, its ability to increase the anxiety and levels of annoyance has been confirmed.
Our survey revealed a noise pollution impact on the community.
عبارت sound pollution غلط است.
Neighborhood
To those living in the neighborhood of an airport, noise created by aircraft is a headache.
توجه داشته باشید که این کلمه با the به معنی همسایگی و بدون the به معنی محیط شهری است.
Replace something with something
By replacing old engines with cleaner ones, people can mitigate the environmental impact caused by flying.
They replaced the permanent staff with part-timers.
Optimal
People should make adjustments and improvements wherever appropriate to ensure the optimal use of this form of travel.
To make the optimal decision, I scan as many as possible of the various alternatives.
Restriction
Some people believe that restrictions should be imposed on air travel.
The law imposed new financial restrictions on private companies.
این عبارت معمولا به صورت impose/place restrictions on something استفاده می شود.
Fossil fuels
Environmentalists would like to see fossil fuels replaced by renewable energy sources.
In the USA around 71% of electricity is produced by burning fossil fuels.
Greenhouse gas
Burning coal or other fuels emits greenhouse gases and pollution in the environment.
But it might contribute to global warming because methane is a powerful greenhouse gas.
Renewable energy
Renewable energy such as solar power
An industry based on renewable resources
By using renewable energy as the primary power source, the reduction of pollution per household would be equivalent to that of planting 400 trees.
Carpool
مسافرت چند سرنشینی
Organize a carpool for work or school.
We should encourage more people to carpool.
هم اسم هم فعل
Be hard on something
To have a bad effect on something
Standing all day is very hard on the feet.
Plan your errands to avoid going around in circles. This will use more has and waste time. Short distance errands are hard on your car and the environment.
مسافرت های داخلی خود را طوری برنامه ریزی کنید که بیهوده دور خود نچرخید.
عبارت go around in circles یعنی دور خود بی هدف چرخیدن
Dispose of something
To get rid of something, especially something that is difficult to get rid of
Make sure to dispose of anything you discard.
A device built to dispose of toxic waste
Leftover something
باقیمانده / پسماند
If you have any leftover notebooks from the previous years, use them as rough books instead of buying new ones.
عبارت rough books یعنی چکنویس
Take all you leftover bottles to be recycled.
کلمه leftover به عنوان یک صفت قبل از اسم استفاده می شود.
Destructive
There is a growing concern about the destructive effects of global warming and other environmental problems.
The destructive side-effects of pesticides are now well known.
Obsession with
عقده / علاقه ناسالم
People’s obsession with car use contributes greatly to greenhouse gas emission.
An unhealthy obsession with being thin
یک علاقه ناسالم به لاغری
Cure-all
علاج هر درد
Car manufactures should be forced to produce hybrid cars or cars powered by renewable clean energy resources as a cure-all for car emission problems.
Investment is not a cure-all for every economic problem.
Habitat
The natural home of a plant or animal
The gorilla’s natural habitat in Africa
Further building development would threaten natural habitats.
Endangered species
The panda is classed as an endangered species.
Zoos keep many endangered species and those that are less rare.
Extinction
Species in danger of extinction
The breed was on the verge of extinction
Many endangered species now face extinction.
Desertification
Farming is leading to the desertification of large areas of planet
Deforestation
Deforestation has been shown to cause floods and drought.
Some parts of tropical America have seen over 70% deforestation.
Overpopulation
A consequence of the overpopulation has been the high incidence of malnutrition and communicable diseases.
Efforts to reduce overpopulation
Our overpopulation cities
GM (genetically modified)
Trials of GM crops in Europe
Many consumers do not want to eat genetically modified food.
Unpredictable
Farming is exposed to the influence of unpredictable events like natural disasters.
One worry is that genetic engineering could have unpredictable results.
Incompatible
Most fertilizers are organic and free of ingredients incompatible with the environment.
The laser printer is incompatible with the new computer.
Reserve of
ذخیره …
The reserve of water in the world is not infinite.
The known reserves of coal undoubtedly are sufficient to last for centuries at present consumption rates.
soil erosion
Use of the land in such a way as to cause excessive soil erosion.
