Medi - Hypertension And Hyperlipidemia

Question 1

Definition of hypertension

Answer 1

SBP>140

DBP>90

Question 2

Prehypertension
Stage 1
Stage 2

Answer 2

P: 120-139, 80-89

1: 140-159, 90-99
2: >160, >100

Question 3

SBP >140 with normal DBP

Answer 3

Isolated systolic hypertension

Question 4

Elevated BP due to stress of doctors office

Answer 4

White coat hypertension

Question 5

Hypertension with no specific identifiable cause

Answer 5

Essential/primary/idiopathic

Question 6

Severe hypertension without symptoms

Answer 6

Hypertensive urgency

Question 7

Uncontrolled hypertension causing acute end organ dysfunction

Answer 7

Hypertensive emergency

Question 8

Severe hypertension with retinal changes or papilledema

Answer 8

Malignant hypertension

Question 9

Every ____ increase in systolic or ___ increase in diastolic BP ____ the risk of heart disease

Answer 9

20
10
Doubles

Question 10

MAP =

CO =

Answer 10

MAP = CO x SVR
CO = SV x HR

Question 11

There is often an increased ___ tone in hypertensive patients

Answer 11

Sympathetic

Question 12

1. Alpha 1 receptors
2. Alpha 2 receptors
3. Beta 1 receptors
4. Beta 2 receptors

Answer 12

1. Vasoconstriction of mooth muscle cells
2. Inhibits NE release, negative feedback
3. Increases chronotropy, inotropy, and renin release
4. Epi causes vasodilation

Question 13

The most common cause of secondary hypertension is

Answer 13

Renal parenchymal disease

Question 14

Who should be treated for hypertension?

Answer 14

1. <60 y/o with BP of 140/90 or higher
2. > 60 with bp of 150/90 or higher
3. Diabetic or those with CKD with BP 140/90 or higher

Question 15

Initial treatment for black vs. non black patients

Answer 15

B: CCB or thiazide
N: ACEI, ARB, Thiazide or CCB

Question 16

Treatment for Patients over 18 with CLD

Answer 16

ACEI or ARB

Question 17

Common side effects of thiazide diuretics

Answer 17

Increased urinary freq
Hypokalemia
Electrolyte imbalances
*because they inhibit Na and Cl reabsorption

Question 18

Common side effects of ACEI

Answer 18

Renal insufficiency
Hyperkalemia
Cough

Question 19

Tx for;

1. Hypertension with CKD
2. Hypertension with CHD

Answer 19

1. ACEI and ARB

2. ACE/ARB + diuretics + beta blocker

Question 20

Examples of high intensity statins

Answer 20

Atorvastatin (40 or 80mg)
Rosuvastatin (20 or 40mg)
* greater than 50% reduction in LDL

Question 21

Ezetimibe causes ___

Answer 21

60% decrease in intestinal cholesterol absorption

Question 22

Flushing is a common side effect of ___

Answer 22

Niacin

Question 23

Start moderate intensity statins at what risk?

Answer 23

5%

Question 24

CV risk calculator factors

Answer 24

Diabetes
Age
Smoking status 
Hypertension 
HDL