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Cardio 1 > Anatomy Embryo > Flashcards

Anatomy Embryo Flashcards

1
Q

Sinus venosus forms ___

A

Smooth walled portion of right atrium

Coronary sinus

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2
Q

Bulbus cordis forms ___

A

Right ventricle

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3
Q

Conus arteriosus forms ___

A

Left and right ventricle

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4
Q

Truncus arteriosus forms ____

A

Splits to form ascending aorta and pulmonary a.

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5
Q

The heart begins to loop on day ___

A

23

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6
Q

The septa first originate as bulges and ridges, called ___

A

Cushion tissues

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7
Q

At the end of week ___ the endocardial cushions develop on the walls of the AV canal, separating it into left and right

A

4

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8
Q

The septum primum grows from the ___ and separates the ___. It fuses to the ___ and the foramen primum becomes closed

A

Roof of the primordial atrium
Left and right atria
AV septum

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9
Q

The foramen secundum allows __

A

Shunting of blood from right atrium to left

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10
Q

The foramen ovale is an opening left in the ___

A

Septum secundum

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11
Q

The valve of the foramen ovale is formed from the ___

What does it do?

A

Caudal part of the valve of the foramen ovale (from the septum primum)
*prevents left to right shunting of blood

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12
Q

The ___ regresses and later becomes the coronary sinus

A

Left sinus horn

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13
Q

The ___ enlarged and becomes incorporated in the right atrium, forming the smooth walled portion

A

Right sinus horn

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14
Q

The ___ becomes incorporated into the left atrium wall forming the smooth walled portion

A

Primordial pulmonary v.

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15
Q

The ___ forms the muscular interventricular septum

A

Bulboventricular sulcus

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16
Q

The separation of the truncus arteriosus and the bulbus cordis forms the ___

A

Pulmonary trunk and aorta
Due to the formation of the aorticopulmonary septum (spiral septum) which turns 180 degrees towards the interventricular septum

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17
Q

The most common congenital cardiac malformation

A

Ventricular septal defect

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18
Q

Leaves a large opening between the atria

Due to excessive resorption of septum priming or inadequate development of septum secundum

A

Ostium secundum defect

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19
Q

Complete absence of atrial septum

Can produce cyanosis in rare cases

A

Cor triloculare biventriculare

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20
Q

Caused by the fusion of the cusps of the aortic valve

A

Aortic stenosis

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21
Q

Due to unequal division of the conus became de of displacement of the spiral septum.

A

Tetralogy of fallot

22
Q

4 alterations present in the tetralogy of fallot

A
  1. Pulmonary infundibular stenosis
  2. Large IV septal defect
  3. Overriding aorta directly above the septal defect
  4. RVH
23
Q

Occurs when the spiral septum fails to follow the spiral course and instead runs straight down. This causes the aorta to originate from the right ventricle instead of the left and the pulmonary a. to originate from the left ventricle instead of the right.
This is usually accompanied by ___

A

Transposition of the great vessels

An open ductus arteriosus

24
Q

Failure of fusion of the bulbar and truncal ridges, always accompanied by a defective IV septum. This undivided truncus thus receives blood from both sides of the heart

A

Persistent truncus arteriosus

25
Q

Cyanotic congenital heart malformation in which the left ventricle is underdeveloped. Typically there is a large patent foramen ovale, a patent ductus arteriosus, and hypoplastic ascending aorta/aortic arch and mitral/aortic valves

A

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome

26
Q

The formation of new blood vessels through the differentiation of angioblasts.
*larger blood vessels are formed this way

A

Vasculogenesis

27
Q

The formation of new blood vessels through budding and sprouting from existing vessels
*smaller vessels are made this way

A

Angiogenesis

28
Q

The ___ form the primary outflow vessels of the heart

A

Dorsal aortae

29
Q
  • The ___ arch forms the stapedial artery
  • The ___ arch forms the left and right CCAs
  • The ____ arch becomes the external carotid and maxillary arteries
A

2nd
3rd
1st

30
Q

Fate of the 4th arch

A
  • right: proximal right subclavian

- left: ascending aorta (aortic arch)

31
Q

The fate of the 6th arch:

A

Becomes continuous with the pulmonary trunk

  • forms pulmonary arteries on the right
  • forms ductus arteriosus on the left
32
Q

The ductus arteriosus connects to the ____ and allows ___. It is closed at birth and later forms the ___

A

Aorta
Shunting of blood from the pulmonary trunk to the descending aorta
Ligamentum arteriosum

33
Q

3 major arteries that come from vitelline arteries:

A
  1. Celiac: most superior, supplies foregut
  2. SMA: midgut
  3. IMA: hindgut
34
Q

Lateral branches of the descending aorta supply ___

A

Adrenal glands
Gonads (descend)
Kidneys (ascend)

35
Q

Intersegmental branches of the aorta arise from the ___ surface and supply ___

A

Posterolateral
Somite derivatives

  • dorsal branches supply neural tube, deep back muscles, and dorsal skin
  • ventral become intercostal, lumbar, and lateral sacral arteries
36
Q

Arteries of the limbs are formed by ___

A

Remodeling of the intersegmental arteries

37
Q

Umbilical arteries are initially branches of the ____ but during 4th week of development they shift their origin to the ____

A

Dorsal aorta

Internal iliac arteries

38
Q

Divisions of the primitive embryonic venous system

A

Vitelline
Umbilical
Cardinal

39
Q

Vitelline veins arise from the ____ and carry blood from ___

A

Capillary plexuses in the yolk sac

From the yolk sac to the sinus venosus

40
Q

The ___ become hepatic sinusoids , the IVC, portal v., and SMV

A

Vitelline veins

41
Q 
Umbilical veins (2) originate in the \_\_\_\_ and carry \_\_\_
*what happens during the 2nd month?
A

Chorionic villa
Oxygenated blood to the embryo
*right umbilical v. becomes obliterated

42
Q

The connection between the left umbilical v. and the IVC

A

Ductus venosus
*shunts oxygenated blood from the umbilical system to IVC and right atrium allowing bypass of the portal system of the liver

43
Q

___ veins drain the body of the embryo

A

Cardinal

44
Q

The left brachiocephalic v. is formed from what?

A

Anterior cardinal veins become connected, which shunts blood from left to right. This anastomotic shunt becomes the left brachiocephalic v.

45
Q

The ___ form the SVC

A

Right anterior cardinal v. And right common cardinal v.

46
Q

___ veins drain the kidneys and develop medial to the posterior cardinal veins

A

Subcardinal

47
Q

The ___ replace the posterior cardinal veins in draining the posterior part of the body wall. It becomes what?

A

Supracardinal veins

  • right becomes azygous
  • left becomes hemiazygous
48
Q

The IVC is formed by the fusion of what?

A
  1. Hepatic (from right vitelline)
  2. Renal (from right subcardinal)
  3. Postrenal (right supracardinal)
  4. Sacral (right and left posterior cardinal)
49
Q

In the ___ oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from the body mixes. The mixed blood enters the ___, then what happens?

A

IVC
Right atrium
Most blood shunts to left atrium via foramen ovale. Some remains, mixing with deoxygenated blood from SVC ( which drains head and upper limbs)

50
Q

From the left atrium, blood flows where?

A

To left ventricle and into aorta.

51
Q

Blood from the SVC enters the ___

A

Right atrium then goes to right ventricle then pulmonary trunk

52
Q

Most blood in the pulmonary trunk passes through the ___ into the ___ where it mixes with blood from the ascending aorta, bypassing the lungs

A

Ductus arteriosus

descending aorta

Cardio 1 (14 decks)

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