Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Cardio 1 > IDIS > Flashcards

IDIS Flashcards

1
Q

___ are the most common cause of pericarditis

A

Viruses

  • Coxsackie A/B and echo
  • serous fluid NOT purulent
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Acute purulent pericarditis is caused by ___

A

Bacteria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

___ causes chronic pericarditis

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Presentation of tuberculous pericarditis

A

Fever
Pericardial friction rub
Primary seeding from lungs, sternum, spine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

+ PPD test
- fluid smear for AFB
Large volume effusions with mononuclear cells

A

Tuberculous pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Clinical presentation of pericarditis

A
  • Pain-sharp/stabbing, radiates, relieved by sitting up and leaning forward
  • Pericardial effusion, clear, straw-colored
  • Friction rub (pathognomonic), heard during expiration but corresponds to heart beat, scratching/grating sound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Dx of pericarditis if it is a purulent disease

A

Pericardiocentesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

ECG findings for pericarditis

A

Widespread ST elevations

Depressed PR segments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Infectious causes of myocarditis in North America and Europe

A 
Coxsackie B virus
Echo virus
Adeno virus
B19V and HHV6 on the rise 
*most common is B19V
*in the rest of the world it is T. cruzi (South America) and C. diphtheriae
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Coxsackie B and Adenovirus bind to ____ on myocytes

A

CAR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Viral myocarditis causes disruption of the ____ complex

A

Dystrophin-sarcoglycans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The acute phase of viral myocarditis lasts ____ and the subacute phase lasts ___

A

A few days

A few weeks to several months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The chronic phase of viral myocarditis is characterized by ___

A

Myocardial remodeling and development of DCM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Myocarditis is the most common cause of death in ___

A

Diphtheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

You should consider ___ when a young person develops unexplained heart failure, chest pain, or arrhythmias

A

Myocarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

The most common symptom of myocarditis is ___

A

Chest pain

17
Q

___ is a common cause of myocarditis (and is the cause of Chagas’ disease)

A

Trypanosoma cruzi

18
Q

Sudden cardiovascular collapse and shock

Requires aggressive intervention with inotropic agents

A

Fulminant myocarditis

19
Q

Echo of patient with myocarditis shows ___

A

Chamber enlargement and diminished ventricular contractility

20
Q

Dx of myocarditis

A

Endomyocardial bx

  • acute: necrosis and evidence of degenerative (not seen in chronic)
  • both: >14 leukocytes/mm^2
21
Q

Criteria for Chagasic Myocarditis:

A
  1. Hx of residence in endemic area
  2. Serology + for T. cruzi
  3. Compatible clinical syndrome
  4. No evidence of another cardiac disorder
22
Q

Infective endocarditis is usually ____ and primarily affects the ____

A

Bacterial

Cardiac valves

23
Q

Most common predisposing factor for IE in developed nations

A

Mitral valve prolapse

24
Q

IE
Patients with hx of IV drug use or health care contact
Most virulent pathogen

A

S. aureus

25
Q

Imp. in prosthetic valve endocarditis

A

CONS?

S. aureus

26
Q

IE after dental work

A
  1. HACEK (culture negative)
  2. Viridans strep:
    - S. sanguis
    - S. mutans
    - S. mitis
27
Q

HACEK bacteria account for 5% of IE cases

A 
Haemophilus
Aggregatibacter
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella
28
Q

Presentations specific to myocarditis but not seen in pericarditis

A

Elevated troponin I and T

29
Q

Most common fungal pathogens associated with IE

A
  1. Aspergillus (rarely found in blood cultures)

2. Candida (blood cultures +)

30
Q

Acute vs subacute endocarditis

A
  • acute: symptoms develop quickly, may be fatal in <6 weeks

- sub-acute: slow, worsens for 1 yr before fatal

31
Q

In IV drug users, the structure most likely to develop vegetations is

A

Tricuspid valve
*in others it is the mitral and aortic valve

-mitral>aortic>tricuspid>pulmonary

32
Q

Factors that determine complication and time course of endocarditis

A

Type of pathogen and its virulence
Immune status of the patient
Valve involved

33
Q

Endocarditis
Rapid onset (hours to days)
High fever
Rigors

A

Acute

34
Q 
Endocarditis 
Symptoms within 2 weeks
Dx takes about 6 weeks
Low back pain, fever, chills, night sweats
Fatigue, anorexia, weakness
A

Sub-acute

35
Q

Endocarditis

What is seen with both acute and sub-acute?

A 
Murmurs
Roth spots (flame shape on retina)
Petechia
Splinter hemorrhages
Janeway lesions
Oslers nodes
Splenomegaly 
Sudden loss of peripheral pulse
36
Q

Dx endocarditis

Lab values

A

Anemia
Increase ESR and CRP
Abnormal urinalysis

Cardio 1 (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions