Med Term - Ch 3 Flashcards
What are Infectious Diseases?
Diseases caused by certain harmful microorganisms and other parasites that live at the expense of another organism.
Define Pathogen
(PATH-o-jen) An organism capable of causing disease (root path/o means “disease”)
What are Degenerative diseases?
Diseases that result from wear and tear, aging, or trauma (injury) that can lead to a lesion (wound) and perhaps necrosis (death of tissue).
Examples of degenerative Diseases
Common examples include arthritis, cardiovascular problems, and certain respiratory disorders such as emphysema.
Define Neoplasia
(ne-o-PLA-ze-ah) An abnormal and uncontrolled growth of tissue; from prefix neo- meaning “new” and root plasm meaning “formation”
What are Immune Disorders?
These include failures of the immune system, allergies, and autoimmune diseases, in which the body makes antibodies to its own tissues.
What are Metabolic disorders?
Disorders that result from lack of enzymes or other factors needed for cellular functions. Many hereditary disorders fall into this category. Malnutrition caused by inadequate intake of nutrients or inability of the body to absorb and use nutrients also upsets metabolism.
What are Hormonal disorders?
Disorders caused by underproduction or overproduction of hormones or by an inability of the hormones to function properly. One common example is diabetes mellitus.
What are Mental and emotional disorders?
Mental and emotional disorders affect the mind and adaptation of an individual to his or her environment.
Define Etiology
(e-te-OL-o-je) The cause of a disease
Define Sepsis
(SEP-sis) The presence of harmful microorganisms or their toxins in the blood or other tissues; adjective: septic
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS:
bacteria (bak-TE-re-ah)
Simple microscopic organisms that are widespread throughout the world, some can produce disease; singular: bacterium (bak-TE-re-um)
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS:
cocci (KOK-si)
Round bacteria; may be in clusters (staphylococci), chains (streptococci), and other formations; singular: coccus (KOK-us)
Example of Diseases Caused: pneumonia, rheumatic fever, food poisoning, septicemia, urinary tract infections, gonorrhea
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS:
bacilli (bah-SIL-i)
Rod-shaped bacteria; singular: bacillus (ba-SIL-us)
Example of Diseases Caused: typhoid, dysentery, salmonellosis, tuberculosis, botulism, tetanus
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS:
vibrios (VIB-re-oze)
Short curved rods
Example of Diseases Caused: cholera, gastroenteritis
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS:
spirochetes (SPI-ro-ketze)
Corkscrew-shaped bacteria that move with a twisting motion
Example of Diseases Caused: Lyme disease, syphilis, Vincent disease
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS:
chlamydia (klah-MID-e-ah)
Extremely small bacteria with complex life cycles that grow in living cells but, unlike viruses, are susceptible to antibiotics
Example of Diseases Caused: conjunctivitis, trachoma, pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS:
rickettsia (rih-KET-se-ah)
Extremely small bacteria that grow in living cells but are susceptible to antibiotics
Example of Diseases Caused: typhus, Rocky Mountain spotted fever
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS:
viruses (VI-rus-es)
Submicroscopic infectious agents that can live and reproduce only within living cells
Example of Diseases Caused: colds, herpes, hepatitis, measles, varicella (chickenpox), influenza, AIDS
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS:
fungi (FUN-ji)
Simple, nongreen plants, some of which are parasitic; includes yeasts and molds; singular: fungus (FUN-gus)
Example of Diseases Caused: candidiasis, skin infections (tinea, ringworm), valley fever
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS:
protozoa (pro-to-ZO-ah)
Single-celled animals; singular: protozoon (pro-to-ZO-on)
Example of Diseases Caused: dysentery, Trichomonas infection, malaria
COMMON INFECTIOUS ORGANISMS:
helminths (HEL-minths)
Worms
Example of Diseases Caused: trichinosis; infestations with roundworms, pinworms, hookworms
Bacteria can occur in what three shapes?
Round (cocci), Rod-shaped (bacilli), or Curved (including vibrios and spirochetes)
Describe Three Responses to Disease
INFLAMMATION: When cells are injured, they release chemicals that allow blood cells and fluids to move into the tissues.
PHAGOCYTOSIS: Certain white blood cells are capable of engulfing these materials and destroying them internally.
IMMUNITY: All our defenses against infectious disease.