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AAPC Medical Terminology > Cell Structures > Flashcards

Cell Structures Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

What is the plasma membrane (PLAZ-mah)

A

The outer layer of the cell, composed mainly of lipids and proteins.

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2
Q

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

It encloses the cell contents; regulates what enters and leaves the cell; participates in many activities, such as growth, reproduction, and interactions between cells.

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3
Q

What are microvilli (mi-kro-VIL-i)?

A

Short extensions of the cell membrane

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4
Q

What is the function of microvilli?

A

They absorb materials into the cell

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5
Q

What is the nucleus (NU-kle-us)?

A

The large, membrane-bound, dark-staining organelle near the center of the cell

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6
Q

What is the function of the nucleus?

A

It contains the chromosomes, the hereditary units that direct all cellular activities.

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7
Q

What is cytoplasm (SI-to-plazm)?

A

It is the colloidal suspension that fills the cell from the nuclear membrane to the plasma membrane.

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8
Q

What is the function of cytoplasm?

A

It is the site of many cellular activities; consists of cytosol and organelles.

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9
Q

What is cytosol (SI-to-sol)

A

The fluid portion of the cytoplasm

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10
Q

What is the function of cytosol?

A

It surrounds the organelles.

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11
Q

What is endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

en-do-PLAZ-mik re-TIK-u-lum

A

The network of membranes within the cytoplasm.

Rough ER has ribosomes attached to it; smooth ER does not.

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12
Q

What is the function of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

A

Rough ER modifies, folds, and sorts proteins.

Smooth ER participates in lipid synthesis.

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13
Q

What are ribosomes? (RI-bo-somz)

A

Small bodies free in the cytoplasm or attached to the ER, composed of RNA and protein.

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14
Q

What is the function of ribosomes?

A

They manufacture proteins.

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15
Q

What is the Golgi Apparatus? (GOL-je)

A

Layers of membranes

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16
Q

What is the function of the Golgi Apparatus?

A

It modifies proteins; sorts and prepares proteins for transport to other parts of the cell or out of the cell.

17
Q

What are mitochondria? (mi-to-KON-dre-ah)

A

Large organelles with internal folded membranes.

18
Q

What is the function of mitochondria?

A

They convert energy from nutrients into chemical adenosine triphosphate (ATP), commonly described as the energy compound of the cell.

19
Q

What are lysosomes? (LI-so-somz)

A

Small sacs of digestive enzymes.

20
Q

What is the function of lysosomes?

A

They digest substances within the cell.

21
Q

What are peroxisomes? (per-OKS-ih-somz)

A

Membrane-enclosed organelles containing enzymes

22
Q

What is the function of peroxisomes?

A

They break down harmful substances.

23
Q

What are vesicles? (VES-ih-klz)

A

Small membrane-bound sacs in the cytoplasm.

24
Q

What is the function of vesicles?

A

They store materials and move materials into or out of the cell in bulk.

25
Q

What are centrioles? (SEN-tre-olz)

A

Rod-shaped bodies (usually two) near the nucleus

26
Q

What is the function of centrioles?

A

They help separate the chromosomes during cell division.

27
Q

What are surface projections?

A

Structures that extend from the cell.

28
Q

What is the function of surface projections?

A

They move the cell or the fluids around the cell.

29
Q

What are flagellum? (flah-JEL-um)

A

Long, whip-like extension from the cell.

30
Q

What is the function of flagellum?

A

It moves the cell.

AAPC Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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