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PCP > Med Term 3 Orthapedics > Flashcards

Med Term 3 Orthapedics Flashcards

1
Q

Arthr/o

A

Combining word meaning Joint

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2
Q

Articulation

A

Place where two bones meet

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3
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

Bones are united through fibrous tissue; allows essentially no movement between the bones; sutures between the skull bones

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4
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Bones are connected by cartilage that allows a small amount of shifting; Pubic symphysis

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5
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Bones are encased in an elastic Joint capsule that allows the greatest range of motion; most common joint type in the body; shoulder and knee

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6
Q

Burs/o

A

Bursa; a fluid filled sac typically found between the tendon and bone to reduce friction

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7
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage; tough, flexible connective tissue that covers ends of bones in joints; serve as shock absorbers

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8
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull; consists of frontal, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, vomer, palatine, nasal and lacrimal bones, protects brain, eyes and ears provides attachment sites for muscles chewing, facial expression and moving the head

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9
Q

Muscul/o

A

Muscle; Contraction of this causes movement in the body

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10
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Attached to bone, contracts to move the skeleton, voluntary muscle

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11
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

located in the internal organs; contracts to create movement in the organ, involuntary muscle

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12
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Found only in the heart, contracts to push blood through the heart chambers; involuntary muscle

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13
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow; located inside the bone

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14
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

Located in the small spaces of spongy bone, produces all blood cells

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15
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow

A

Located within the hollow shafts of the bone; composed of adipose tissue

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16
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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17
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone; hard calcified connective tissue; functions include supporting and moving the body; providing vital protection to underlying organs such as heart, lungs, liver, and bladder; house bone marrow and houses important minerals

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18
Q

Compact bone/ cortical bone

A

Dense, hard exterior surface of bones

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19
Q

Spongy Bone/ Cancellous bone

A

Found inside bones; has numerous small spaces within that house RBC

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20
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Vertebra

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21
Q

Ten/o

A

Tendons; strong band of connective tissue that anchors muscle to bone

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22
Q

Tendin/o

A

Tendon

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23
Q

Bone Graft

A

Surgical Procedure, uses one bone to replace missing bone or fuse two bones together

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24
Q

Bone Scan

A

Nuclear Medicine Scan Using radioactive dye to visualize bones; especially useful for finding stress factors and bone cancer

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25
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
Repetitive motion disorder caused by pressure on tendons and nerves as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist
26
Closed fracture
Broken bone with no open skin would, also called a simple fracture
27
Comminuted Fracture
Broken bone where bone shatters into many small fragments
28
Compound Fracture
Broken bone with open skin wound; also called open fracture
29
Compression Fracture
Bone breaking and a result of loss of height of vertebral body; may result from trauma, or caused by osteoporosis in elderly women
30
Contracture
Abnormal shortening of muscle fibres, tendons, or connective tissues making it difficult to stretch muscles
31
Creatine Kinase
Muscle Enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal pathologies
32
Deep tendon reflex
Involuntary muscle contraction in response to striking muscle tendon with reflex hammer, test used to determine whether muscles respond properly
33
Dislocation
Occurs when bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment an ends of bones are no longer in contact with each other
34
Dual-energy Absorptionmetry
Test using low does X-ray Beams to measure bone density; used to diagnose osteoporosis
35
Fibromyalgia
Chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue
36
Fixation
Procedure to stabilize fractured bones while they heal
37
External Fixation
casts, splints and pins used to stabilize fracture
38
Internal-fixation
Pins, plates, rods, screws and wires all inserted into the body surgically
39
Fracture
Broken bone
40
Green sticks fracture
Fracture with incomplete break, one side of the bone breaks but the other side only bends, common break seen in children
41
Herniated Nucleus Pulposus
Protrusion of intervertebral disk between two vertebra, which puts pressure on spinal nerves p
42
Impacted Fracture
Fracture in which one bone fragment pushes into another
43
Kyphosis
Abnormal increase in normal outward curvature of the thoracic spine (hunchback/humpback)
44
Tordosis
Abnormal increase in normal forward curvature of lumbar spine (Sway back)
45
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Diagnostic imaging technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce an image; especially useful for viewing soft tissue, such as spinal cord and intervertebral disks
46
Muscle Atrophy
Loss of muscle Bulk due to muscle disease, Nervous system disease or lack of use, commonly called muscle wasting
47
Muscular Dystrophy
One of a group of inherited diseases involving progressive muscle degeneration weakness and atrophy
48
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
Large groups of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis
49
Oblique Fracture
Bone breaking in which the fracture line runs along an angle to the shaft of the bone
50
Orthosis
Externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities;
51
Orthotist
Person skilled in making and adjusting orthoses
52
Osteoarthritis
Arthritis caused by loss of cartilage between bones; most common in weight bearing bones
53
Osteoporosis
Condition caused by decrease in the bone mass; results in a thinning or weakening of the bones
54
Osteogenic Sarcoma
Most common type of bone cancer; typically found in the osteocytes found at the end of the bones; most frequently occurs in persons 10-25 years old
55
Pathologic Fracture
Broken bone caused by disease or weakened bone
56
Percutaneous diskectomy
Thin catheter tube is inserted into the intervertebral disk through the skin to suck out pieces of herniated or ruptured disk; or laser is used to vaporize the disk
57
Prosthesis
Any artificial device used in replacement of a body part; ie prostatic leg
58
Radiography
Diagnosis imaging procedure using X-rays to see internal structures of the body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints
59
Reductions
Correction fracture or dislocation by realigning bone
60
Closed reduction
Moves bones externally
61
Open reductions
Manipulates bones through a surgical incision;
62
Repetitive motion disorder
Group of chronic disorders with tendons, muscles, joint, and nerve damage caused by prolonged periods of pressure, vibration or repetitive motion
63
Rheumatoid Arthritis
Arthritis with swelling, stiffness, pain and degeneration of cartilage in joints, caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation; may result in crippling deformities, an autoimmune disease
64
Scoliosis
Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
65
Spasm
Involuntary muscle contraction
66
Spina bifida
Birth defect that occurs when vertebra fail to fully form around the spinal cord, ranges from mild to severe; if spinal cord is damaged some form of paralysis can occur
67
Spiral Fracture
Bone Break in which fracture line spirals around shaft of the bone, caused by twisting injury; often slower to heal then other fractures
68
Sprain
Ligament injury from overstretching, but without joint dislocation or bone fracture
69
Strain
Damage to muscle or tendons from over use
70
Stress Fracture
A slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running, rather then one single forceful impact
71
Total Hip Arthroplast
Hip replacement
72
Total knee Arthroplasty
Total knee replacement
73
Transverse fracture
Bone break with fracture line straight across the shaft of the bone

PCP (14 decks)

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