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PCP > Med Term 3 Orthapedics > Flashcards

Med Term 3 Orthapedics Flashcards

1
Q

Arthr/o

A

Combining word meaning Joint

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2
Q

Articulation

A

Place where two bones meet

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3
Q

Fibrous Joint

A

Bones are united through fibrous tissue; allows essentially no movement between the bones; sutures between the skull bones

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4
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

Bones are connected by cartilage that allows a small amount of shifting; Pubic symphysis

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5
Q

Synovial Joint

A

Bones are encased in an elastic Joint capsule that allows the greatest range of motion; most common joint type in the body; shoulder and knee

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6
Q

Burs/o

A

Bursa; a fluid filled sac typically found between the tendon and bone to reduce friction

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7
Q

Chondr/o

A

Cartilage; tough, flexible connective tissue that covers ends of bones in joints; serve as shock absorbers

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8
Q

Crani/o

A

Skull; consists of frontal, parietal, temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital, mandible, maxilla, zygomatic, vomer, palatine, nasal and lacrimal bones, protects brain, eyes and ears provides attachment sites for muscles chewing, facial expression and moving the head

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9
Q

Muscul/o

A

Muscle; Contraction of this causes movement in the body

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10
Q

Skeletal Muscle

A

Attached to bone, contracts to move the skeleton, voluntary muscle

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11
Q

Smooth Muscle

A

located in the internal organs; contracts to create movement in the organ, involuntary muscle

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12
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Found only in the heart, contracts to push blood through the heart chambers; involuntary muscle

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13
Q

Myel/o

A

Bone marrow; located inside the bone

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14
Q

Red Bone Marrow

A

Located in the small spaces of spongy bone, produces all blood cells

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15
Q

Yellow Bone Marrow

A

Located within the hollow shafts of the bone; composed of adipose tissue

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16
Q

My/o

A

Muscle

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17
Q

Oste/o

A

Bone; hard calcified connective tissue; functions include supporting and moving the body; providing vital protection to underlying organs such as heart, lungs, liver, and bladder; house bone marrow and houses important minerals

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18
Q

Compact bone/ cortical bone

A

Dense, hard exterior surface of bones

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19
Q

Spongy Bone/ Cancellous bone

A

Found inside bones; has numerous small spaces within that house RBC

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20
Q

Spondyl/o

A

Vertebra

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21
Q

Ten/o

A

Tendons; strong band of connective tissue that anchors muscle to bone

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22
Q

Tendin/o

A

Tendon

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23
Q

Bone Graft

A

Surgical Procedure, uses one bone to replace missing bone or fuse two bones together

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24
Q

Bone Scan

A

Nuclear Medicine Scan Using radioactive dye to visualize bones; especially useful for finding stress factors and bone cancer

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25
Q

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

A

Repetitive motion disorder caused by pressure on tendons and nerves as they pass through carpal tunnel of wrist

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26
Q

Closed fracture

A

Broken bone with no open skin would, also called a simple fracture

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27
Q

Comminuted Fracture

A

Broken bone where bone shatters into many small fragments

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28
Q

Compound Fracture

A

Broken bone with open skin wound; also called open fracture

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29
Q

Compression Fracture

A

Bone breaking and a result of loss of height of vertebral body; may result from trauma, or caused by osteoporosis in elderly women

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30
Q

Contracture

A

Abnormal shortening of muscle fibres, tendons, or connective tissues making it difficult to stretch muscles

31
Q

Creatine Kinase

A

Muscle Enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels associated with heart attack, muscular dystrophy, and other skeletal pathologies

32
Q

Deep tendon reflex

A

Involuntary muscle contraction in response to striking muscle tendon with reflex hammer, test used to determine whether muscles respond properly

33
Q

Dislocation

A

Occurs when bones in joint are displaced from normal alignment an ends of bones are no longer in contact with each other

34
Q

Dual-energy Absorptionmetry

A

Test using low does X-ray Beams to measure bone density; used to diagnose osteoporosis

35
Q

Fibromyalgia

A

Chronic condition with widespread aching and pain in the muscles and fibrous soft tissue

36
Q

Fixation

A

Procedure to stabilize fractured bones while they heal

37
Q

External Fixation

A

casts, splints and pins used to stabilize fracture

38
Q

Internal-fixation

A

Pins, plates, rods, screws and wires all inserted into the body surgically

39
Q

Fracture

A

Broken bone

40
Q

Green sticks fracture

A

Fracture with incomplete break, one side of the bone breaks but the other side only bends, common break seen in children

41
Q

Herniated Nucleus Pulposus

A

Protrusion of intervertebral disk between two vertebra, which puts pressure on spinal nerves p

42
Q

Impacted Fracture

A

Fracture in which one bone fragment pushes into another

43
Q

Kyphosis

A

Abnormal increase in normal outward curvature of the thoracic spine (hunchback/humpback)

44
Q

Tordosis

A

Abnormal increase in normal forward curvature of lumbar spine (Sway back)

45
Q

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

A

Diagnostic imaging technique that uses electromagnetic energy to produce an image; especially useful for viewing soft tissue, such as spinal cord and intervertebral disks

46
Q

Muscle Atrophy

A

Loss of muscle Bulk due to muscle disease, Nervous system disease or lack of use, commonly called muscle wasting

47
Q

Muscular Dystrophy

A

One of a group of inherited diseases involving progressive muscle degeneration weakness and atrophy

48
Q

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

A

Large groups of drugs that provide mild pain relief and anti inflammatory benefits for conditions such as arthritis

49
Q

Oblique Fracture

A

Bone breaking in which the fracture line runs along an angle to the shaft of the bone

50
Q

Orthosis

A

Externally applied brace or splint used to prevent or correct deformities;

51
Q

Orthotist

A

Person skilled in making and adjusting orthoses

52
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Arthritis caused by loss of cartilage between bones; most common in weight bearing bones

53
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Condition caused by decrease in the bone mass; results in a thinning or weakening of the bones

54
Q

Osteogenic Sarcoma

A

Most common type of bone cancer; typically found in the osteocytes found at the end of the bones; most frequently occurs in persons 10-25 years old

55
Q

Pathologic Fracture

A

Broken bone caused by disease or weakened bone

56
Q

Percutaneous diskectomy

A

Thin catheter tube is inserted into the intervertebral disk through the skin to suck out pieces of herniated or ruptured disk; or laser is used to vaporize the disk

57
Q

Prosthesis

A

Any artificial device used in replacement of a body part; ie prostatic leg

58
Q

Radiography

A

Diagnosis imaging procedure using X-rays to see internal structures of the body; especially useful for visualizing bones and joints

59
Q

Reductions

A

Correction fracture or dislocation by realigning bone

60
Q

Closed reduction

A

Moves bones externally

61
Q

Open reductions

A

Manipulates bones through a surgical incision;

62
Q

Repetitive motion disorder

A

Group of chronic disorders with tendons, muscles, joint, and nerve damage caused by prolonged periods of pressure, vibration or repetitive motion

63
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Arthritis with swelling, stiffness, pain and degeneration of cartilage in joints, caused by chronic soft tissue inflammation; may result in crippling deformities, an autoimmune disease

64
Q

Scoliosis

A

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

65
Q

Spasm

A

Involuntary muscle contraction

66
Q

Spina bifida

A

Birth defect that occurs when vertebra fail to fully form around the spinal cord, ranges from mild to severe; if spinal cord is damaged some form of paralysis can occur

67
Q

Spiral Fracture

A

Bone Break in which fracture line spirals around shaft of the bone, caused by twisting injury; often slower to heal then other fractures

68
Q

Sprain

A

Ligament injury from overstretching, but without joint dislocation or bone fracture

69
Q

Strain

A

Damage to muscle or tendons from over use

70
Q

Stress Fracture

A

A slight bone break caused by repetitive low-impact forces, such as running, rather then one single forceful impact

71
Q

Total Hip Arthroplast

A

Hip replacement

72
Q

Total knee Arthroplasty

A

Total knee replacement

73
Q

Transverse fracture

A

Bone break with fracture line straight across the shaft of the bone

PCP (14 decks)

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