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PCP > Med Term 3 Endocrine System > Flashcards

Med Term 3 Endocrine System Flashcards

1
Q

Aden/o

A

Gland; group of cells that work together to produce and secrete substances such as hormones; endocrine glands secrete their substances directly into bloodstream, exocrine glands such as sweat glands, secrete into duct

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2
Q

Adren/o

A

Adrenal Gland; sits on top of kidneys; divided into outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla

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3
Q

Adrenal cortex

A

Secretes aldosterone to regulate sodium levels in the body, cortisol to regulate carb metabolism, and sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone

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4
Q

Adrenal medulla

A

Secretes Epinephrine to help body respond to emergency situations

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5
Q

Adrenal/o

A

Adrenal gland

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6
Q

Crin/o

A

To secrete, refers to glands secreting hormones

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7
Q

Glyc/o

A

Sugar; Even though this combining form means sugar it usually refers to glucose, the primary sugar the body uses for energy production

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8
Q

Glycols/o

A

Sugar

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9
Q

Oophor/o

A

Ovary, pair of almond shaped organs in female pelvic cavity; releases ova for reproduction; secretes female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone

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10
Q

Orchi/o

A

Testes; pair of oval shaped glands located in scrotum of males; release sperm for reproduction and male sex hormone.

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11
Q

Ovari/o

A

Ovary

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12
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas; located in abdominal cavity along lower curvature is the only gland that is endocrine and exocrine gland.

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13
Q

Parathyroid/o

A

Parathyroid gland; four small glands located on posterior surface of thyroid gland, secrets parathyroid hormone to raise blood levels of calcium

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14
Q

Pineal/o

A

Pineal gland; small pine cone shaped gland in thalamus region of brain; secretes melatonin which plays a role in regulating bodies circadian rhythms

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15
Q

Pituitar/o

A

Pituitary Gland; Small marble shaped gland that hangs down from underside of brain, often referred to as the master gland

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16
Q

Testicul/o

A

Testes

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17
Q

Thym/o

A

Thymus gland located mediastinum of chest behind sternum and above heart, secretes thymosin, which is important for the immune system development, begins to shrink around puberty and eventually is replaced by fatty tissue

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18
Q

Thyr/o

A

Thyroid gland; located in neck, has two lobes on either side of trachea; secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine which regulates body’s metabolic rate, also secretes calcitonin which lowers blood calcium

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19
Q

Thyroid/o

A

Thyroid gland

20
Q

Adrenal Feminization

A

Development of female secondary sexual characteristics, in male as a result of increased estrogen secretion by adrenal cortex

21
Q

Adrenal Virilism

A

Developtment of male secondary sexual characteristics in female as result of increased testosterone secretion by adrenal cortex

22
Q

Blood Serum Test

A

Blood test to measure level of substance such as hormones in bloodstream, used to study function of endocrine glands

23
Q

Congenital Hypothyroidism

A

Condition present at birth that results in lack of thyroid hormones, results in poor physical mental development, formerly called cretinism

24
Q

Corticosteroids

A

These hormones secreted by adrenal cortex also have strong anti inflammatory properties. Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis

25
Q

Cushing Syndrome

A

Condition caused by hyper-secretion of adrenal cortex; can be product of adrenal gland tumour; symptoms include weakness, edema, excessive hair growth, skin discolouration and osteoporosis

26
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Condition caused by insurgent antidiuretic hormone secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia

27
Q

Diabetes Mellitus

A

Chronic disorder, two kinds Type 1 (Insulin dependant) or type 2 (non insulin dependant)

28
Q

Dwarfism

A

Excessively short in height, can result from lack of growth hormone

29
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Condition where eyeballs protrude, such as in Graves’ disease commonly cause by hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

30
Q

Fasting Blood Sugar

A

Blood test to measure amount of sugar in blood stream after a 12 hour fast

31
Q

Gigantism

A

Excessive growth of body due to hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child or teenager

32
Q

Glucose Tolerance Test

A

Test for initial diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; patient is given dose of glucose; then blood samples are taken at regular intervals to determine patients ability to use glucose properly

33
Q

Goiter

A

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

34
Q

Graves Disease

A

Condition caused by hypersecretion of thyroid hormones; symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter

35
Q

Hashimoto Disease

A

Chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis result in hyposecretion of thyroid hormones

36
Q

Hormone replacement therapy

A

Artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders; available in pill, injection, or adhesive skin patch forms

37
Q

Insulting dependant diabetes mellitus

A

Type 1; tends to develop early in life, pancreas stops producing insulin.

38
Q

Myxedma

A

Condition resulting from hyposection of thyroid hormones in adult; symptoms include anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, puffy and dry skin, drowsiness, and mental sluggishness

39
Q

Non-insulin dependant diabetes

A

Type 2; Typically develops later in life; pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin but cells fail to respond; patients can take medication to improve insulin function

40
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

Usually benign tumor of adrenal medulla; secrets excessive amount of Epi; symptoms include anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, hypertension, profuse sweating, headaches and nausea

41
Q

Radioactive iodine uptake

A

Test of thyroid function; measure how much radioactively tagged iodine is removed from blood stream by thyroid gland

42
Q

Radioimmunoassay

A

Test used to measure the amount of hormone in plasma of blood

43
Q

Tetany

A

Nerve Irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia, hypothyroidism is also a cause

44
Q

Thyroid Scan

A

Test in which radioactive iodine is administered and localizes in the thyroid gland; gland is visualized with scanning device; able to detect thyroid gland tumors

45
Q

Thyrotoxicosis

A

Condition resulting from extreme hypersecretion of thyroid hormones, symptoms include rapid heart action, tremors, enlarge thyroid gland, exothalmos and weight loss

PCP (14 decks)

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