Med Term 3 Endocrine System

Question 1

Aden/o

Answer 1

Gland; group of cells that work together to produce and secrete substances such as hormones; endocrine glands secrete their substances directly into bloodstream, exocrine glands such as sweat glands, secrete into duct

Question 2

Adren/o

Answer 2

Adrenal Gland; sits on top of kidneys; divided into outer adrenal cortex and inner adrenal medulla

Question 3

Adrenal cortex

Answer 3

Secretes aldosterone to regulate sodium levels in the body, cortisol to regulate carb metabolism, and sex hormones such as estrogen and testosterone

Question 4

Adrenal medulla

Answer 4

Secretes Epinephrine to help body respond to emergency situations

Question 5

Adrenal/o

Answer 5

Adrenal gland

Question 6

Crin/o

Answer 6

To secrete, refers to glands secreting hormones

Question 7

Glyc/o

Answer 7

Sugar; Even though this combining form means sugar it usually refers to glucose, the primary sugar the body uses for energy production

Question 8

Glycols/o

Answer 8

Sugar

Question 9

Oophor/o

Answer 9

Ovary, pair of almond shaped organs in female pelvic cavity; releases ova for reproduction; secretes female sex hormones such as estrogen and progesterone

Question 10

Orchi/o

Answer 10

Testes; pair of oval shaped glands located in scrotum of males; release sperm for reproduction and male sex hormone.

Question 11

Ovari/o

Answer 11

Ovary

Question 12

Pancreat/o

Answer 12

Pancreas; located in abdominal cavity along lower curvature is the only gland that is endocrine and exocrine gland.

Question 13

Parathyroid/o

Answer 13

Parathyroid gland; four small glands located on posterior surface of thyroid gland, secrets parathyroid hormone to raise blood levels of calcium

Question 14

Pineal/o

Answer 14

Pineal gland; small pine cone shaped gland in thalamus region of brain; secretes melatonin which plays a role in regulating bodies circadian rhythms

Question 15

Pituitar/o

Answer 15

Pituitary Gland; Small marble shaped gland that hangs down from underside of brain, often referred to as the master gland

Question 16

Testicul/o

Answer 16

Testes

Question 17

Thym/o

Answer 17

Thymus gland located mediastinum of chest behind sternum and above heart, secretes thymosin, which is important for the immune system development, begins to shrink around puberty and eventually is replaced by fatty tissue

Question 18

Thyr/o

Answer 18

Thyroid gland; located in neck, has two lobes on either side of trachea; secretes thyroxine and triiodothyronine which regulates body’s metabolic rate, also secretes calcitonin which lowers blood calcium

Question 19

Thyroid/o

Answer 19

Thyroid gland

Question 20

Adrenal Feminization

Answer 20

Development of female secondary sexual characteristics, in male as a result of increased estrogen secretion by adrenal cortex

Question 21

Adrenal Virilism

Answer 21

Developtment of male secondary sexual characteristics in female as result of increased testosterone secretion by adrenal cortex

Question 22

Blood Serum Test

Answer 22

Blood test to measure level of substance such as hormones in bloodstream, used to study function of endocrine glands

Question 23

Congenital Hypothyroidism

Answer 23

Condition present at birth that results in lack of thyroid hormones, results in poor physical mental development, formerly called cretinism

Question 24

Corticosteroids

Answer 24

These hormones secreted by adrenal cortex also have strong anti inflammatory properties. Used to treat rheumatoid arthritis

Question 25

Cushing Syndrome

Answer 25

Condition caused by hyper-secretion of adrenal cortex; can be product of adrenal gland tumour; symptoms include weakness, edema, excessive hair growth, skin discolouration and osteoporosis

Question 26

Diabetes insipidus

Answer 26

Condition caused by insurgent antidiuretic hormone secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland; symptoms include polyuria and polydipsia

Question 27

Diabetes Mellitus

Answer 27

Chronic disorder, two kinds Type 1 (Insulin dependant) or type 2 (non insulin dependant)

Question 28

Dwarfism

Answer 28

Excessively short in height, can result from lack of growth hormone

Question 29

Exophthalmos

Answer 29

Condition where eyeballs protrude, such as in Graves’ disease commonly cause by hypersecretion of thyroid hormones

Question 30

Fasting Blood Sugar

Answer 30

Blood test to measure amount of sugar in blood stream after a 12 hour fast

Question 31

Gigantism

Answer 31

Excessive growth of body due to hypersecretion of growth hormone in a child or teenager

Question 32

Glucose Tolerance Test

Answer 32

Test for initial diagnosis of diabetes mellitus; patient is given dose of glucose; then blood samples are taken at regular intervals to determine patients ability to use glucose properly

Question 33

Goiter

Answer 33

Enlargement of the thyroid gland

Question 34

Graves Disease

Answer 34

Condition caused by hypersecretion of thyroid hormones; symptoms include exophthalmos and goiter

Question 35

Hashimoto Disease

Answer 35

Chronic autoimmune form of thyroiditis result in hyposecretion of thyroid hormones

Question 36

Hormone replacement therapy

Answer 36

Artificial replacement of hormones in patients with hyposecretion disorders; available in pill, injection, or adhesive skin patch forms

Question 37

Insulting dependant diabetes mellitus

Answer 37

Type 1; tends to develop early in life, pancreas stops producing insulin.

Question 38

Myxedma

Answer 38

Condition resulting from hyposection of thyroid hormones in adult; symptoms include anemia, slow speech, swollen facial features, puffy and dry skin, drowsiness, and mental sluggishness

Question 39

Non-insulin dependant diabetes

Answer 39

Type 2; Typically develops later in life; pancreas produces normal to high levels of insulin but cells fail to respond; patients can take medication to improve insulin function

Question 40

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 40

Usually benign tumor of adrenal medulla; secrets excessive amount of Epi; symptoms include anxiety, heart palpitations, dyspnea, hypertension, profuse sweating, headaches and nausea

Question 41

Radioactive iodine uptake

Answer 41

Test of thyroid function; measure how much radioactively tagged iodine is removed from blood stream by thyroid gland

Question 42

Radioimmunoassay

Answer 42

Test used to measure the amount of hormone in plasma of blood

Question 43

Tetany

Answer 43

Nerve Irritability and painful muscle cramps resulting from hypocalcemia, hypothyroidism is also a cause

Question 44

Thyroid Scan

Answer 44

Test in which radioactive iodine is administered and localizes in the thyroid gland; gland is visualized with scanning device; able to detect thyroid gland tumors

Question 45

Thyrotoxicosis

Answer 45

Condition resulting from extreme hypersecretion of thyroid hormones, symptoms include rapid heart action, tremors, enlarge thyroid gland, exothalmos and weight loss