Med Term 3 Nervous System

Question 1

Cerebell/o

Answer 1

Cerebellum is second part of the brain; located below posterior cerebrum; works closely with cerebrum to coordinate body movement and maintain balance

Question 2

-cele

Answer 2

Protrusion; refers to birth defects in which portion of nervous system protrudes through opening in vertebral column

Question 3

Cerebr/o

Answer 3

Cerebrum; largest part of the brain, located in upper portion of the brain, its surface is highly convoluted (folded) gray matter cerebral cortex; receives sensory info integrates all incoming messages with memories,

Question 4

Encephal/o

Answer 4

Brain; one of the largest organs in body, Center of thought memory, judgement, and emotion, coordinates most body activities, four sections are cerebrum, cerebellum, thalamus, and brain stem, right side of brain controls left side of body, left side of brain controls right side of the body.

Question 5

Medull/o

Answer 5

Medulla Oblongata; part of brain stem; most inferior region of brain, connects rest of brain to spinal cord, contains control centres for reps, heart rate, temp and BP

Question 6

Meaning/o

Answer 6

Meninges; three protective layers around brain and spinal cord outer layer is dura mater, middle- arachnoid layer and inner layer is pia mater

Question 7

Myel/o

Answer 7

Spinal cord, path for messages to be relayed

Question 8

Neur/o

Answer 8

Cordlike bundle of neurons carrying messages between CNS and muscle s and organs of the body

Question 9

Sensory Nerve

Answer 9

Carry information to the CNS

Question 10

Motor Nerves

Answer 10

Carry message from CNS to muscles and organs;

Question 11

Cranial Nerves

Answer 11

12 Pairs

Question 12

Spinal Nerves

Answer 12

31 Pairs

Question 13

Pont/o

Answer 13

Pons; another part of the brainstem; connects cerebellum to rest of brain

Question 14

Thalam/o

Answer 14

Thalamus; part of the brain located just below bulk of cerebrum; relays incoming sensory information to correct area of cerebrum

Question 15

Alzheimers Disease

Answer 15

Chronic brain condition involving progressive disorientation, speech and gait disturbances, and loss of memory

Question 16

Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Answer 16

Disease with muscular weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of motor neurons of spinal cords; commonly called Lou Gehrig disease

Question 17

Anticonvulsant

Answer 17

Medication to reduce excitability of neurons and o prevent uncontrolled neuron activity associated with seizures

Question 18

Brain tumor

Answer 18

Intracranial mass, either benign or malignant; benign tumor of brain can still be fatal because it will grow and cause pressure on normal brain tissue

Question 19

Cerebral Contusion

Answer 19

Bruising of brain from impact; symptoms last longer than 24 hours and include unconsciousness, dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size, and shock

Question 20

Cerebral palsy

Answer 20

Non progressive brain damage resulting from defect in fetal development or trauma, oxygen deprivation during or shortly after birth

Question 21

Cerebrospinal fluid analysis

Answer 21

Laboratory exam of clear, watery, colourless fluid from within brain and spinal cord; detect infections or bleeding in the brain

Question 22

Cerebrovascular Accident

Answer 22

Developtment of brain infarct due to loss in blood supply to brain; can be caused by ruptured blood vessel, floating clot, stationary clot, or compression, extent of damage depends on size and location of the infarct, can include dysphasia and hemiplegia AKA stroke

Question 23

Coma

Answer 23

Profound unconsciousness or stupor resulting from illness or injury

Question 24

Computed Tomography

Answer 24

Diagnostic imaging technique, produces cross section view of body; X-ray taken from multiple angles are compiled to construct composite, cross-sectional view of the body

Question 25

Concussion

Answer 25

Injury to brain when brain is shaken inside skull because of impact; symptoms last 24 hours or less and can include dizziness, vomiting, unequal pupil size and shock

Question 26

Dementia

Answer 26

Progressive impairment of intellectual function that interferes with performing activities of daily living

Question 27

Epilepsy

Answer 27

Recurrent disorder of brain, seizures and LOC occurs as result of uncontrolled neuron electrical activity

Question 28

Hydrocephalus

Answer 28

Buildup of cerebrospinal fluid within brain; if congenital, causes head to enlarge; treatment by creating shunt from brain to abdomen to drain excess fluid

Question 29

Lumbar Puncture

Answer 29

Puncture with needle into lumbar vertebral area (usually space between fourth and fifth lumbar vertebra) to withdraw fluid for examination or for injection of medication; also called spinal puncture or spinal tap

Question 30

Migraine

Answer 30

Specific type of headache characterized by severe head pain, sensitivity to light, dizziness and nausea

Question 31

Multiple Sclerosis

Answer 31

inflammatory autoimmune disease fo CNS; immune system damage, myelin around neurons and results in extreme weakness and numbness

Question 32

Myasthenia Gravis

Answer 32

Autoimmune disease with severe muscular weakness and fatigue due to difficult or electrical impulse passing across synapse from one nerve to the next

Question 33

Paralysis

Answer 33

Temporary or permanent loss of muscle function and movement

Question 34

Parkinson’s Disease

Answer 34

Chronic disorder of the nervous system with fine tremors, muscular weakness, rigidity and shuffling gait

Question 35

Positron Emission Tomography

Answer 35

Diagnostic Imaging technique that uses positive radionuclides to reconstruct brain sections, measures O2, glucose uptake, cerebral blood flow, blood volume

Question 36

Seizure

Answer 36

Sudden uncontrollable onset of symptoms, such as epileptic seizures,

Question 37

Absence seizure

Answer 37

Loss of awareness and absence of activity

Question 38

Tonic-clonic Seizure

Answer 38

(Grand mal seizure) characterized by muscle convulsions

Question 39

Shingles

Answer 39

Eruption of painful blisters on the body along the nerve path thought to caused by chicken pox (herpes zoster)

Question 40

Spina Bifida

Answer 40

Congenital defect on walls of spinal canal in which two sides of vertebra do not meet or close; can result in meningocele or myelomeningocele

Question 41

Spinal Cord Injury

Answer 41

Damage to spinal cord as result of trauma; spinal cord can be bruised or completely severed

Question 42

Subdural Hematoma

Answer 42

Mass of blood forming underneath duramater when meninges are torn by trauma can exert fatal pressure on brain if hematoma is not drained by surgery

Question 43

Syncope

Answer 43

Fainting

Question 44

Transient Ischemic Attack (ITA)

Answer 44

Temp reduction of blood supply to brain; causes temporary symptoms such as syncope, numbness and hemiplagia; can eventually lead to cerebrovascular accident