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PCP > Med Term 3 Digestive System > Flashcards

Med Term 3 Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

An/o

A

Anus; distal opening of the digestive tract to outside of the body

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2
Q

Internal Anal Sphincter

A

One of the rings in charge for closing the the anus; made of involuntary smooth muscle

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3
Q

External anal sphincter

A

The other muscle responsible for closing the anus made of voluntary skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Appendic/o

A

Appendix

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5
Q

Append/o

A

Appendix, small pouched attached to the caecum; contains lymphatic tissue, function is unclear

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6
Q

Chol/o

A

Bile; produced by the liver stored in the gallbladd3er

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7
Q

Common bile duct

A

Transports bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum

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8
Q

Cholangi/o

A

Bile duct; part of series of tubes that transport bile from liver, gallbladder and duodenum

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9
Q

Cholecyst/o

A

Gallbladder; stores bile produced by the liver; releases bile into the duodenum via common bile duct as needed

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10
Q

Choledoch/o

A

Common bile duct

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11
Q

Col/o

A

Colon; Receives undigested foods from small intestine; allows for water to be reabsorbed into the body; what remains is called feces, divided into ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon

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12
Q

Colon/o

A

colon

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13
Q

Diverticul/o

A

Diverticulum; small abnormal blind pouches that form off intestinal or colon wall; can become inflamed and infecte d

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14
Q

Duoden/o

A

Duodenum; first section of the small intestine; receives food form the stomach, digestive enzymes from the pancreas, bile from the liver. Final digestion of food and absorption of nutrients begins in the duodenum

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15
Q

-emesis

A

Vomiting

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16
Q

Enter/o

A

Intestine; may refer to either small or large; small intestine receives food from the stomach; digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and bile from the liver, fluid that remains from the nutrient absorption goes to the large intestine where all water is reabsorbed and anything left Is packaged as feces

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17
Q

Esophag/o

A

Esophagus; muscular tube that carries food from throat to stomach

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18
Q

Gastr/o

A

Stomach, musclar sac producing hydrochloride acid and digestive enzymes for protein; begins digestion by mixing food received

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19
Q

Hepat/o

A

Liver plays roles in digestion by the creation of bile to aid in fat digestion

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20
Q

ile/o

A

Ileum; Third section of small intestine; receives food from jejunum and completes process of digestion and nutrient absorption

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21
Q

Jejun/o

A

Jejunum; second portion of small intestine; receives food from duodenum and continues process of digestion and nutrient absorption

22
Q

Lapar/o

A

Abdomen; body cavity that holds organs of digestion

23
Q

Pancreat/o

A

Pancreas; Produces digestive enzymes and buffers to neutralize acidic chyme entering duodenum where they aid in food digestion

24
Q

Polyp/o

A

Polyp, small mushroom shaped tumor that grows on mucous membranes of colon and extends into lumen of the colon; can become cancerous

25
Q

Proct/o

A

Rectum and anus

26
Q

Rect/o

A

Rectum, final segment of large intestine; receives feces from the sigmoid colon and stores it prior to elimination

27
Q

Sigmoid/o

A

Sigmoid colon; final S shaped section of the colono, feces pass out of sigmoid colon and into rectum

28
Q

Ascites

A

Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

29
Q

Barium enema

A

X-ray exam of large intestine using barium as a contrast medium, also known as Lower GI series

30
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Chronic liver disease

31
Q

Crohn disease

A

Chronic Inflammatory bowel disease with mucous membrane ulcers, most often found in the ileum

32
Q

Dysentery

A

Acute intestinal condition with pain, diarrhea and blood in mucus in stool; usually caused by bacterial or parasitic infection

33
Q

Esophageal atresia

A

Congenital lack of connection between esophagus and stomach food cannot enter stomach

34
Q

Esophageal varices

A

Varicose veins in esophagus, results in massive bleeding if ruptured

35
Q

Fecal Occult Blood test

A

Clinical lab test for presence of small amounts of blood in feces; also called hemoccult test or stool guaiac test

36
Q

Gastric Bypass

A

Surgical treatment for obesity, portion of stomach is stapled off and bypassed so that it holds less food also called stomach stapling

37
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Stomach acid backs up into esophagus

38
Q

Helicobacter pylori antibody test

A

Clinical lab test for presence of bacteria known to cause gastric ulcers

39
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins in the rectum

40
Q

Ileus

A

Obstruction of intestine that occurs when muscular movements stop moving food or blockage prevents food from moving through the digestive tract

41
Q

Intussusception

A

Occurs when one section of intestine slips or telescopes into another section of intestine

42
Q

Irritable bowel syndrome

A

Disturbance in normal function of bowel characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea; often associated with stress also called spastic colon

43
Q

Jaundice

A

Yellow-coloured skin and whites of the eyes typically associated with liver disease

44
Q

Melena

A

Very dark tarry stool due to presence of blood

45
Q

Nausea

A

Feeling the urge to vomit

46
Q

Ova and parasite

A

Clinical lab test for presence of parasites or their eggs in feces

47
Q

Peptic ulcer disease

A

Craterlike erosion occurring on mucous membrane of lower esophagus, stomach and or duodenum; more dangerous it if ulcer eats through wall of stomach and becomes perforated ulcer allowing stomach acids to escape into abdominal cavity

48
Q

Total parenteral nutrition

A

Nutrient, complete solution given directly into blood stream when person cannot eat by mouth

49
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by formation of ulcers on mucous membrane of colon

50
Q

Upper gastrointestinal series

A

X-ray exam of esophagus and stomach using barium as contrast medium; also known as barium swallow

51
Q

Volvulus

A

Length of bowel tha becomes twisted around itself

52
Q

Vomit

A

Forceful Return of stomach contents out of mouth

PCP (14 decks)

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