Med Term 3 Digestive System

Question 1

An/o

Answer 1

Anus; distal opening of the digestive tract to outside of the body

Question 2

Internal Anal Sphincter

Answer 2

One of the rings in charge for closing the the anus; made of involuntary smooth muscle

Question 3

External anal sphincter

Answer 3

The other muscle responsible for closing the anus made of voluntary skeletal muscle

Question 4

Appendic/o

Answer 4

Appendix

Question 5

Append/o

Answer 5

Appendix, small pouched attached to the caecum; contains lymphatic tissue, function is unclear

Question 6

Chol/o

Answer 6

Bile; produced by the liver stored in the gallbladd3er

Question 7

Common bile duct

Answer 7

Transports bile from the gallbladder to the duodenum

Question 8

Cholangi/o

Answer 8

Bile duct; part of series of tubes that transport bile from liver, gallbladder and duodenum

Question 9

Cholecyst/o

Answer 9

Gallbladder; stores bile produced by the liver; releases bile into the duodenum via common bile duct as needed

Question 10

Choledoch/o

Answer 10

Common bile duct

Question 11

Col/o

Answer 11

Colon; Receives undigested foods from small intestine; allows for water to be reabsorbed into the body; what remains is called feces, divided into ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon and sigmoid colon

Question 12

Colon/o

Answer 12

colon

Question 13

Diverticul/o

Answer 13

Diverticulum; small abnormal blind pouches that form off intestinal or colon wall; can become inflamed and infecte d

Question 14

Duoden/o

Answer 14

Duodenum; first section of the small intestine; receives food form the stomach, digestive enzymes from the pancreas, bile from the liver. Final digestion of food and absorption of nutrients begins in the duodenum

Question 15

-emesis

Answer 15

Vomiting

Question 16

Enter/o

Answer 16

Intestine; may refer to either small or large; small intestine receives food from the stomach; digestive enzymes from the pancreas, and bile from the liver, fluid that remains from the nutrient absorption goes to the large intestine where all water is reabsorbed and anything left Is packaged as feces

Question 17

Esophag/o

Answer 17

Esophagus; muscular tube that carries food from throat to stomach

Question 18

Gastr/o

Answer 18

Stomach, musclar sac producing hydrochloride acid and digestive enzymes for protein; begins digestion by mixing food received

Question 19

Hepat/o

Answer 19

Liver plays roles in digestion by the creation of bile to aid in fat digestion

Question 20

ile/o

Answer 20

Ileum; Third section of small intestine; receives food from jejunum and completes process of digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 21

Jejun/o

Answer 21

Jejunum; second portion of small intestine; receives food from duodenum and continues process of digestion and nutrient absorption

Question 22

Lapar/o

Answer 22

Abdomen; body cavity that holds organs of digestion

Question 23

Pancreat/o

Answer 23

Pancreas; Produces digestive enzymes and buffers to neutralize acidic chyme entering duodenum where they aid in food digestion

Question 24

Polyp/o

Answer 24

Polyp, small mushroom shaped tumor that grows on mucous membranes of colon and extends into lumen of the colon; can become cancerous

Question 25

Proct/o

Answer 25

Rectum and anus

Question 26

Rect/o

Answer 26

Rectum, final segment of large intestine; receives feces from the sigmoid colon and stores it prior to elimination

Question 27

Sigmoid/o

Answer 27

Sigmoid colon; final S shaped section of the colono, feces pass out of sigmoid colon and into rectum

Question 28

Ascites

Answer 28

Accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity

Question 29

Barium enema

Answer 29

X-ray exam of large intestine using barium as a contrast medium, also known as Lower GI series

Question 30

Cirrhosis

Answer 30

Chronic liver disease

Question 31

Crohn disease

Answer 31

Chronic Inflammatory bowel disease with mucous membrane ulcers, most often found in the ileum

Question 32

Dysentery

Answer 32

Acute intestinal condition with pain, diarrhea and blood in mucus in stool; usually caused by bacterial or parasitic infection

Question 33

Esophageal atresia

Answer 33

Congenital lack of connection between esophagus and stomach food cannot enter stomach

Question 34

Esophageal varices

Answer 34

Varicose veins in esophagus, results in massive bleeding if ruptured

Question 35

Fecal Occult Blood test

Answer 35

Clinical lab test for presence of small amounts of blood in feces; also called hemoccult test or stool guaiac test

Question 36

Gastric Bypass

Answer 36

Surgical treatment for obesity, portion of stomach is stapled off and bypassed so that it holds less food also called stomach stapling

Question 37

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 37

Stomach acid backs up into esophagus

Question 38

Helicobacter pylori antibody test

Answer 38

Clinical lab test for presence of bacteria known to cause gastric ulcers

Question 39

Hemorrhoids

Answer 39

Varicose veins in the rectum

Question 40

Ileus

Answer 40

Obstruction of intestine that occurs when muscular movements stop moving food or blockage prevents food from moving through the digestive tract

Question 41

Intussusception

Answer 41

Occurs when one section of intestine slips or telescopes into another section of intestine

Question 42

Irritable bowel syndrome

Answer 42

Disturbance in normal function of bowel characterized by abdominal pain and diarrhea; often associated with stress also called spastic colon

Question 43

Jaundice

Answer 43

Yellow-coloured skin and whites of the eyes typically associated with liver disease

Question 44

Melena

Answer 44

Very dark tarry stool due to presence of blood

Question 45

Nausea

Answer 45

Feeling the urge to vomit

Question 46

Ova and parasite

Answer 46

Clinical lab test for presence of parasites or their eggs in feces

Question 47

Peptic ulcer disease

Answer 47

Craterlike erosion occurring on mucous membrane of lower esophagus, stomach and or duodenum; more dangerous it if ulcer eats through wall of stomach and becomes perforated ulcer allowing stomach acids to escape into abdominal cavity

Question 48

Total parenteral nutrition

Answer 48

Nutrient, complete solution given directly into blood stream when person cannot eat by mouth

Question 49

Ulcerative colitis

Answer 49

Chronic inflammatory bowel disease, characterized by formation of ulcers on mucous membrane of colon

Question 50

Upper gastrointestinal series

Answer 50

X-ray exam of esophagus and stomach using barium as contrast medium; also known as barium swallow

Question 51

Volvulus

Answer 51

Length of bowel tha becomes twisted around itself

Question 52

Vomit

Answer 52

Forceful Return of stomach contents out of mouth