Med surg III Neuro

Question 1

autonomic dysreflexia

Answer 1

develops in spinal cord injuries, life threatening, acute, uncontrolled hypertension, sudden and severe headache, bradycardia

Question 2

aphasia

Answer 2

can’t communicate, express or understand language, written and verbal…typically occurs after stroke or brain injury

Question 3

aphagia

Answer 3

inability to swallow

Question 4

apraxia

Answer 4

inability to perform tasks (typically speech) or movements when asked, even though they can understand the request, are willing to do it, the muscles needed to do it are functioning, and it is something that they could do before. Usually result of stroke or brain injury

Question 5

ataxia

Answer 5

uncoordinated movement, jerky, unsteady gait or to and fro motion of the middle of the body

Question 6

anopsia

Answer 6

suppression of vision in one area only

Question 7

diplopia

Answer 7

double vision

Question 8

agnosia

Answer 8

loss of ability to detect sensory stimuli, such as sounds or images (can be auditory, gustatory, olfactory, tactile, and visual) inability to use an object correctly

Question 9

dysphagia

Answer 9

difficulty swallowing

Question 10

endocarderectomy

Answer 10

surgical removal of plaque from an artery that has become narrowed or blocked

Question 11

Kernig’s sign

Answer 11

indicates the presence of meningitis…patient can’t extend the leg at the knee when the thigh is flexed because of stiffness in the hamstrings (back pain and resistance to straightening is a positive Kernig’s sign)

Question 12

postictal

Answer 12

recovery period after a seizure (mimics a stroke)

Question 13

trigeminal neuraglia

Answer 13

chronic pain condition that affects the trigeminal nerve, which carries sensation from your face to your brain.

Question 14

Glasgow Coma Scale

Answer 14

used to describe the level of consciousness and cognition, measures eye opening, verbal response, and motor response

Question 15

Right-sided stroke symptoms

Answer 15

often unaware of any deficits, may be disoriented to time and place, personality changes such as poor impulse control and poor judgement, impaired sense of humor, constant smiling, some hearing loss

Question 16

Left-sided stroke symptoms

Answer 16

speech, language, and writing deficits, memory deficits

Question 17

hemiparesis

Answer 17

weakness on one side of the body

Question 18

hemiplegia

Answer 18

paralysis on one side of the body

Question 19

when is patient with head injury at risk for increased ICP

Answer 19

hours or a few days after the event

Question 20

drug most commonly used to treat ICP

Answer 20

mannitol, an osmotic diuretic. most effective when given in boluses rather than continuous infusion

Question 21

drug used as adjunct therapy for ICP

Answer 21

furosemide, a loop diuretic, to reduce the incidence of rebound from mannitol

Question 22

goal level for ICP

Answer 22

less than 20 mm Hg

Question 23

goal level for CPP

Answer 23

above 70 mm Hg

Question 24

which patients should not receive mannitol

Answer 24

acute kidney injury patients

Question 25

Cushing’s triad

Answer 25

late sign of ^ ICP (systolic hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations). often signifies irreversible damage

Question 26

what can result from a tumor in cerebellum

Answer 26

falls, because this controls posture and space

Question 27

what can result from stroke affecting frontal lobes

Answer 27

can change a person’s behavior/personality

Question 28

most common adverse effect of lumbar puncture

Answer 28

Headache, lie flat for 1 - 2 hours after procedure, quiet and dark room, analgesics for pain

Question 29

irregular breathing pattern is associated with damage to?

Answer 29

brain stem

Question 30

signs and symptoms of ^ICP

Answer 30

Change in LOC, slow, irregular respirations, ^ BP, decreased pulse

Question 31

positioning of patient with ^ ICP

Answer 31

neutral position, head midline in stable position, do not leave patient on their side, elevate HOB

Question 32

Romberg test

Answer 32

inability of patient to maintain body balance when eyes are shut and feet are close together (positive if pt sways and falls)

Question 33

why do you need to check glucose

Answer 33

hypoglycemia mimics stroke

Question 34

Central nervous system is?

Answer 34

Brain and spinal cord

Question 35

Frontal lobes control?

Answer 35

Personality, behavior, higher intellectual functions

Question 36

Parietal lobe controls?

Answer 36

Recognition of sizes, shapes, voluntary movement

Question 37

Temporal lobe controls?

Answer 37

Senses, spoken word

Question 38

Occipital lobe controls?

Answer 38

Vision, understanding what you are seeing

Question 39

What are the neurotransmitters?

Answer 39

Acetylcholine, dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine

Question 40

Purpose of CSf?

Answer 40

Provide cushion

Question 41

Hypothalamus controls?

Answer 41

Metabolism, growth, sexual maturity, body temp, rate, blood pressure, sleep

Question 42

Thalamus controls?

Answer 42

Emotional responses

Question 43

Cerebellum controls?

Answer 43

Posture, space-prevents falls