Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

March Exams > Med Micro > Flashcards

Med Micro Flashcards

0
Q

How humoral immunity is compromised

A
  • damage to B cells

- removal or functional inactivation of spleen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

Definition of neutropenia

A

< 1 x 10*9/l neutrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Examples of physical barriers

A
  • PH
  • flushing mechanism
  • secreted substances (IgA)
  • presence of normal flora
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How skin acts as a physical barrier

A
  • dry
  • acidic pH
  • Sweat
  • normal flora that produce bacteriocins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How does loss of acid in alimentary tract affect?

A

Permits colonization of stomach and upper intestine with micro-organisms (esp gram pos)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How does the normal flora protect against pathogens in alimentary tract?

A
  • occupy all adherence sites

- consume nutrients

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Problems with graft vs host disease

A
  • allogeneic recipients at risk
  • donor T cells attack recipients tissue
  • can be life threatening
  • leads to increased immuno suppression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Times at which risk is present

A
  • pre-engraftment
  • post-engraftment
  • late
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe risk pre-engraftment

A
  • neutropenia and mucositis and invade devices
  • highest risk period (bacteria and yeasts, reactivation HSV)
  • use haemopoietic growth factors to shorten neutropenia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe risk post-engraftment

A
  • from neutrophil recovery to day 100
  • still at risk for certain organisms
  • increased risk if GvH
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Types of organisms that can cause infection in immunocomp host

A
  • bacterial
  • fungal
  • viral
  • parasitic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Bacteria that cause infection

A
  • gram neg (p aeruginosa)
  • gram pos (s aureus, viridans strep)
  • influence of antibiotics in selecting resistant organisms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Viruses that affect immunocomp host

A
  • newly acquired
  • reactivated HSV (acyclovir)
  • CMV (Ganciclovir)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Fungi that affect immunocomp host

A
  • candida

- moulds/ filamentous fungi (aspergillus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

,miscellaneous organisms that affect immunocomp host

A
  • toxo
  • pneumocystitis jiroveci pneumonia
  • mycobacteria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How to prevent infection in ICH

A
  • decrease exposure (isolation)
  • supportive (nutrition)
  • immunization (not live vaccines)
16
Q

Options for prophylaxis in ICH

A
  • fluoroquinolones
  • cotrimoxazole
  • acyclovir
  • Ganciclovir
  • antifungal
17
Q

Definition of pre-emptive therapy

A
  • initiation of therapy of a probable very early sub clinical infection as detected by a sensitive screening test
18
Q

Approach to ICH

A

Intensive investigations
Empiric therapy with broad spectrum antibiotics
Rapid initiation of therapy
Prolonged courses of antibiotics

19
Q

Advantages of syndromic approach to STIs

A
  • treatment given at first visit so delays are Voided
  • cost effective (no lab tests)
  • treatment covers most likely pathogens
  • enables nurses to manage STIs
  • standardizes diagnosis etc (allows for surveillance)
20
Q

Disadvantages of syndromic approach to STIs

A
  • over diagnosis and over treatment

- over treatment of partners of women with vaginal discharge (social consequences)

21
Q

Clinical presentations of candida

A
  • skin (warm and moist)
  • nails (washerwoman)
  • mouth (oral candidiasis)
  • vulvovaginitis (curdy discharge and pruritis)
  • chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (children with deficiency of cellular immunity)
  • disseminated (endocarditis)
22
Q

How does trichomonas vaginalis multiply?

A

By longitudinal binary fission

23
Q

Discharge of trichomonas

A

Yellowish
Foul smelling
Frothy

24
Q

Clinical presentations of N gonorrhea

A
  • local genital infection
  • septicemia and arthritis
  • throat and rectum
  • bacteremia
25
Q

Clinical presentation of chlamydia trachomatis

A
  • genital infection
  • inclusion conjunctivitis
  • lymphogranuloma venereum
  • trachoma
26
Q

Pathogenesis of lymphogranuloma venereum

A
  • small ulceration papule on genitals
  • suppuration of regional lymph nodes
  • chronic granulomatous infection of lymphatics
  • rectal strictures, elephantiasis and pelvic fistulae
27
Q

Toxin in gas gangrene

A

Lecithinase

28
Q

Clinical presentation of clostridium infection

A
  • simple contamination
  • soft tissue infection
  • anaerobic cellulitis
  • gas gangrene
  • uterine gas gangrene
  • bacteremia
29
Q

Clinical presentation in bactericides infection

A
  • peritonsillar abscess
  • dental and jaw infections
  • aspiration pneumonia
  • lung abscess
  • necrotizing cellulitis

March Exams (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions