Embryology Flashcards
0
Q
Functions of placenta
A
- protection
- nutrition
- respiration
- excretion
- hormone production
1
Q
List of extra embryonic membranes
A
- yolk sac
- chorion
- amnion
- allantois
2
Q
4 stages of labour
A
- dilation of cervix
- expulsion of fetus
- expulsion of placenta
- recovery (contraction of uterus, involution, stopping of bleeding)
3
Q
Why does mother not reject fetus and placenta?
A
- fetal tissues may not present foreign a antigens
- mothers immune system paralyzed during pregnancy
- local decidual barriers prevent immune recognition of fetus or prevent mothers immune cells from reaching the fetus
- molecules on fetal placental surface inactivate mothers T cells
4
Q
What does the placenta synthesise?
A
- glycogen
- chol
- fatty acids
5
Q
What mechanisms used for transport across the placenta?
A
- simple diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- active transport
- pinocytic is
6
Q
What transports iron to fetus?
A
Transferrin
7
Q
What infections does the placenta protect against?
A
- diphtheria
- small pox
- measles
8
Q
Which drugs not given because them effect fetus blood vessel walls?
A
Anti-prostaglandins
9
Q
What is the problem with use of heroin during pregnancy?
A
- fetal addiction and withdrawal
10
Q
Breast milk interactions with food
A
- food allergies or intolerance
- lactose intolerance
- avoid fish with high levels of mercury
11
Q
Effects of caffeine while breast feeding
A
If more than 3 cups per day, enter baby’s body
- unable to break down
- accumulates
- irritability and sleeplessness
12
Q
Effect of nicotine while breast feeding
A
Reduced milk production
- products enter baby
- unable to sleep
13
Q
Effects of marajuana on breast milk
A
- THC in milk reaches 8x the levels in the mothers blood and enters baby’s brain
- THC excreted in urine for 2-3 weeks
