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March Exams > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

0
Q

Difference between male and female pelves

A
  • female is smaller
  • bones are thinner with less pronounced muscle attachment
  • joint between L5 and sacrum narrower
  • margins of ischiopubic rami are smoother
  • acetabulum is smaller
  • subpubic angle is greater than 80
  • ischial spines more vertical
  • obturator foramen more triangular
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1
Q

Bounding of the pelvic outlet

A
  • pubic symphysis
  • ischial tuberosities
  • inferior pubic rami
  • coccyx
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2
Q

What is the mons pubis?

A

Fatty elevation over the symphysis pubis (converted with pubic hair)

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3
Q

What are the labia majora?

A

Paired longitudinal folds of skin and loose connective tissue
- pubic hair on lateral aspects

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4
Q

Other name for vestibule

A

Median pudendal cleft

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5
Q

Where do labia minora converge?

A

In front of the urethra - form prepuce over clitoris

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6
Q

Which muscle covers the bulb and vestibular glands?

A

Bulbospongiosus

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7
Q

What forms the glans clitoris?

A

Two halves of the bulb meet anterior lay

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8
Q

Where is the uterovesical pouch found?

A

Between uterus and bladder

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9
Q

Where is the recto uterine pouch found?

A

Between rectum and uterus

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10
Q

Where does the broad ligament attach?

A

Sides of uterus to lateral pelvic walls

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11
Q

What separates the two layers of peritoneum in the broad ligament?

A
  • fat
  • fibrous tissue
  • blood vessels
  • lymphatics
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12
Q

3 support ligaments of the uterus

A
  • pubocervial
  • uterosacral
  • transverse cervical
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13
Q

Why are supporting ligaments important?

A

During pregnancy to support the uterus

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14
Q

Gross features of the uterus

A
  • rounded, convex fundus
  • body
  • cervix
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15
Q

How are uterus and cervix angled?

A
  • forwards over bladder

- forwards relative to vagina

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16
Q

Other name for internal is

A

Isthmus uteri

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17
Q

Where do uterine tubes lie?

A

Medial 2/3 of the free upper border of the broad ligament

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18
Q

Peritoneum covering tubes

A

Mesosalpinx

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19
Q

Parts of the tubes

A
  • intramural
  • narrower isthmus
  • dilated ampulla
  • infundibulum
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20
Q

Where does the uterine artery lie?

A

Between the layers of the broad ligament

- crosses over ureters

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21
Q

Where do uterine and ovarian arteries anastomose?

A

In the broad ligament

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22
Q

Peritoneum of ovaries

A

Mesovarium

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23
Q

What is related to the ovaries?

A

Underlying obturator internus and obturator nerve

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24
Why obturator nerve important?
Pain from ovulation can be felt along distribution path of the obturator nerve - down medial side of thigh to knee
25
Where does proper/ovarian ligament pass
Between ovary and junction of the fundus and body of the uterus
26
Where does the round ligament pass?
From the angle of the uterus through he anterior leaf of the broad ligament to the inguinal canal
27
Which ligament gets pulled in pregnancy?
Round ligament | - pain in inguinal region
28
What Embryological feature is the round ligament derived from?
Gubernaculum
29
Where is suspensory ligament found?
Later 1/3 of the upper border of the broad ligament
30
What is contained in suspensory ligament?
Ovarian blood vessels
31
What supports upper part of vagina?
Levator ani
32
Vault of the vagina?
Where cervix projects into broad upper end of vagina
33
Which fornix is deepest?
Posterior
34
Where do ureters cross the common iliac vessels?
At their bifurcation
35
Where do ureters insert?
Into posterior aspect of bladder e
36
Where is retropubic space?
Between bony pubis and bladder
37
What supports the neck of the bladder?
Levator ani | Fibroumuscular pubovesical ligaments
38
Which muscle surrounds and supports the vagina?
Pubovaginalis
39
Branches of which nerves supply pelvic musculature?
- lumbar - sacral - coccygeal
40
Where are nerves of sacral plexus found?
Surface of piriformis
41
Where is obturator nerve found?
Passing out of the pelvis through obturator foramen | - supplies obturator externus and adductor muscles of the thigh
42
Pathway of pudendal nerve
Leaves pelvis through greater sciatic foramen | Enters ischioanal fossa via pudendal canal
43
Why pudendal canal important in females?
Injection of anaesthetic into pudendal nerve within canal performed to anaesthetise perineum during obstetric procedures
44
Where does obturator artery pass.
Out of obturator foramen with obturator nerve
45
Where do superior and interior gluteal and internal pudendal arteries pass?
From the pelvis through the greater sciatic foramen to gluteal region
46
Where do internal pudendal artery and pudendal nerve pass?
Through lesser sciatic foramen into perineum
47
What is the patent part of the umbilical artery?
Superior vesical artery
48
What forms the medial umbilical fold?
Obliterates part of the umbilical artery
49
What do the inferior epigastric arteries supply?
Rectus sheath | - form lateral umbilical folds
50
What is the median umbilical fold a remnant of?
Urachus
51
What supplies the pelvic viscera
Autonomic nervous system
52
From where is the sum pathetic supply derived?
Lower thoracic and upper lumbar segments of the spinal cord
53
Where do the preganglionic fibers end?
``` Ganglia in - inferior mesenteric - hypo gastric - preaortic plexuses And in ganglia close to tissues ```
54
Where do the postganglionic fibers pass?
To the uterus, uterine tubes and vestibular glands
55
Action of sympathetic stimulation
Increase vestibular gland secretion
56
Where is parasympathetic supply derived?
Pelvic splanchnic nerves (S2,3,4)
57
What is action of parasympathetic stimulation
Dilation of blood vessels of clitoris and uterine wall
58
What supplies nervous stim to skin over external genitalia?
Cutaneous branches of the perineal nerve, ilioinguinal (L1) and genitofemoral (L1,2)
59
3 descriptions of diameter of pelvis
- conjugate - transverse - oblique
60
How is anteroposterior diameter estimated?
By feeling the sacral promontory with tip of the middle finger
61
What is measurement of manual anterioposteior called?
Diagonal conjugate - 2cm grater than minimum diameter of true conjugate
62
What is usually the smallest diameter
Mid pelvic between ischial spines
63
Steps of progress of fetal head
- engagement - descent - flexion - internal rotation - extension - external rotation

March Exams (14 decks)

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