med admin 1 Flashcards
what is a nurses responsibility related to medication?
to interpret, transcribe, prepare, administer, teach, document, and evaluate pt response
what is the chemical name of a medication? and example
provides an exact description of the medications composition, its molecular structure
(ex: isobutylphenyl propionic acid)
what is the generic name of a medication? and example
given by the manufacturer that first develops the drug, the generic name becomes the official name that the med is listed as (ex: Ibuprofen)
what is the brand or trade name? and example
name that the manufacturer markets the medication (ex: Advil)
what is a generic drug?
contain the same medicinal ingredients as brand name drug
what drug classification is tylonal under?
antipyretic (reduces fever), analgesic (pain reliver)
what drug classification is asprin under?
analgesic (pain reliever), antipyretic(reduces fever), anti-inflammatory (reduces inflammation), platelet aggeration inhibitor (inhibit clot formation)
what are the 4 processes of pharmacokinetics?
- absorption
- disruption
- metabolism
- excretion
ADME… acronym
what is absorption in relation to pharmacokinetics?
where the med enters the body and absorbed into the bloodstream
what are the 2 parts of absorption in the pharmacokinetic cycle?
first pass (phenomenon where a med gets metabolized at a specific part of the body) and
bioavailability (the amount of med available to reach the target cells after metabolism)
what is the first pass in relation to pharmacokinetics?
the phenomenon where a med is metabolized at a specific part of the body
what is bioavailability in relation to pharmacokinetics?
the amount of med to reach the target cells after metabolism to produce its intended effect
what is metabolism in relation to pharmacokinetics?
the breakdown of mediation into inactive/less active forms, at a higher risk of med toxicity if your metabolism is lower (ie. older people)
what is distribution in relation to pharmacokinetics?
the transportation of the medication in the bloodstream to the site of blood action… most meds bind to protein (ex: albumin is made by the liver and people that don’t produce enough albumin have an increased chance of drug toxicity)
what is excretion in relation to pharmacokinetics?
process that meds exit the body, through the lungs, exocrine glands, bowel, kidney, and liver
what organ is the main form of med excretion?
kidneys
what is a drug half-life?
the time it takes for the drug to be 50% eliminated from the bloodstream
what are the 6 types of medication effects?
- therapeutic effect
- side effect
- adverse effect
- toxic effect
- idiosyncratic reaction
- allergic reaction
what is the therapeutic effect with medications?
the intended or desired physiological response of the medication
what is the side effect with medications?
an unintended secondary response could be harmful or harmless
what is the adverse effect with medications?
severe negative response to a drug that promotes immediate discontinuation of taking (ex: coma)
what are toxic effects with medications?
the development of toxicity following prolonged intake of a medication or after it has accumulated in the bloodstream
what is the idiosyncratic reaction with medications?
unpredictable effects which occur when a patient over or under reacts to a medication(ex: Benadryl causes drowsiness in adults but can cause excitement in children)
what are allergic reactions with medications?
an immune response following becoming immunologically sensitive to the initial dose, the next dose then causes a severe reaction (possibly an anaphylactic response)
what are medication interactions?
occur when one med modifies the action of another one (seen lots with polypharmacy)
what is polypharmacy?
the use of multiple drugs or more than medically necessary (seen lots with older adults)
what is a synergistic effect?
when the combined effect of 2 medications or medication and substance has a greater response (ex: mixing alcohol and antidepressants, grapefruit juice with some meds)
what are the 4 intervals of medication action? explain them.
- onset - med starts to produce therapeutic response
- peak - med reaches max therapeutic response
- trough - the lowest amount of drug detected in serum
- duration - length of time drug exhibits a therapeutic response
what are the 5 types of drug orders?
- routine orders
- stat orders
- single orders
- PRN orders
- standing orders
what are routine drug orders?
most common type of order, carried out until the prescriber discontinues it or cancels it, can have a final date or total number of doses
what is a stat drug order?
order to be given immediately, mostly in emergency situations, typically verbal
what are single drug orders?
also called “one-time orders”, most common in relation to surgeries, take one and done, doesn’t have the urgency of a stat order
what are standing drug orders?
an order conditioned upon the occurrence of certain events (authorization of a nurse needed only)
what are PRN drug orders?
referred to as “as needed” orders, allows nurse to use their judgement
what do you do if a drug order changes?
know what the change was and the reason why
what is med reconciliation?
creating the most accurate list of all possible medications
what is the nurses role in med admin?
know the drug and the reason for perscribing
what are the 10 rights of med admin
- right pt
- right drug
- right dose
- right route
- right time/frequency
- right documentation
- right reason
- right to refuse
- right pt education
- right evaluation
the 7 essential parts of a drug order are…
- pt name
- pt DOB
- drug name
- drug dose
- frequency
- route
- signature from perscriber
what type of drug takes precedent over pain meds and others of similar types?
antibiotics (need to be on a strict schedule)
what are the 4 things you do when a pt refuses a drug?
- ask why they are refusing
- ensure they are fully informed about the reason for taking said drug and the potential consequences of not taking it
- notify prescriber
- document the refusal and reason
what are the 4 evaluations to complete when a drug is administered?
- effectiveness
- side effects
- adverse reactions
- drug interactions
what are the 3 A’s to complete prior to med admin?
- Armband
- Allergies
- Assessment
what are some contradictions to oral meds?
- vomiting
- nausea
- GI alterations
- gastric suction
- decreased LOC
- increased RR (harder t swallow if breathing is labored)
why can not all oral meds be crushed?
some pills are time-release capsules
what is the difference between the pharmaceutical waste bin and the sharps bin?
- pharmaceutical waste bin (blue) - for extra drug tablets, liquids, or transdermal patches
- sharps container (yellow) - for needles or lancets
