Infection Prevention and Disease Control 2 Flashcards
what are the 5 modes of transmission?
contact (direct/indirect), droplet, airborne, common vehicle, vector
what is direct contact (transmission)?
touching someone (person to person) ex: kissing, sexual contact, body lesions
what are some examples of pathogens spreading with direct contact?
staphylococcus, MRSA, C-Diff, VRE, HPV
what is indirect contact (transmission)?
transfer of a pathogen via a fomite (person to object to person) ex: doorknobs, call bell, linen, gloves
what are some examples of pathogens that spread with indirect contact?
MRSA, VRE, C-DIff, staphylococcus, RSV
what is droplet transmission?
pathogen spread via droplets from a person (person-air-person) propelled a short distance in the air (2m) ex: sneezing, coughing, talking
what are examples of pathogens spreading via droplets?
influenza, ebola, SARS, COVID-19, rubella
how can droplets become smaller and spread farther?
if having an aerosol generating medical procedure (intubating, nebulizing therapy)
what is airborne transmission?
microorganisms contained in aerosolized secretions (person-air-person) secretions over short or long distances and must be inhaled by a susceptible host ex: coughing, sneezing, singing, AGMP’s
what is an AGMP?
aerosol generating medical procedure
what are some examples of pathogens that spread airborne?
TB, varicella, measles
how long can the measles virus be active airborne for?
90 minutes
what is common vehicle transmission?
transmission from a single contaminated source (contaminant to person) ex: ecoli from water
what are some pathogens that are transmitted via common vehicle transmission?
ecoli, salmonella, pseudomonas
what is vectorborne transmission?
transmission via vectors (living organisms), (animal/insect to person) ex: mosquitos, flies, mice
what are some examples of vectorborne transmission?
West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease
what are ARO’s
antibiotic resistant organisms
why are ARO’s such a threat to public health?
because they are so difficult to treat
what are the most common ARO’s?
C-DIff, MRSA,VRE, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), CPE (the long word lol)
what is the difference between routine practices and additional precautions?
routine: standard practices, happen for every patient
additional: isolation precautions, implemented as soon as patient shows signs of an infectious pathogen
what is PPE? what does it stand for?
personal protective equipment, acts as a physical barrier between the pathogen and the uninfected
what are the 3 types of isolation precautions?
contact, droplet, airborne
what type of PPE is required for contact precautions?
gown (when skin or clothing will touch the patient)
glove
transportation: patient gown and glove, skin lesions covered
accommodation: single room, door can stay open
what type of PPE is required for droplet precautions?
mask
face protection
transportation: mask
accommodation: single room, door can stay open
what type of PPE is required for airborne precautions?
N95 mask
transportation: N95, skin lesions covered
Accommodation: AIIR room
what are AGMP’s?
medical procedures that can generate aerosols as a result of an artificial manipulation of a patients airway
