Infection Prevention and Disease Control 2

Question 1

what are the 5 modes of transmission?

Answer 1

contact (direct/indirect), droplet, airborne, common vehicle, vector

Question 2

what is direct contact (transmission)?

Answer 2

touching someone (person to person) ex: kissing, sexual contact, body lesions

Question 3

what are some examples of pathogens spreading with direct contact?

Answer 3

staphylococcus, MRSA, C-Diff, VRE, HPV

Question 4

what is indirect contact (transmission)?

Answer 4

transfer of a pathogen via a fomite (person to object to person) ex: doorknobs, call bell, linen, gloves

Question 5

what are some examples of pathogens that spread with indirect contact?

Answer 5

MRSA, VRE, C-DIff, staphylococcus, RSV

Question 6

what is droplet transmission?

Answer 6

pathogen spread via droplets from a person (person-air-person) propelled a short distance in the air (2m) ex: sneezing, coughing, talking

Question 7

what are examples of pathogens spreading via droplets?

Answer 7

influenza, ebola, SARS, COVID-19, rubella

Question 8

how can droplets become smaller and spread farther?

Answer 8

if having an aerosol generating medical procedure (intubating, nebulizing therapy)

Question 9

what is airborne transmission?

Answer 9

microorganisms contained in aerosolized secretions (person-air-person) secretions over short or long distances and must be inhaled by a susceptible host ex: coughing, sneezing, singing, AGMP’s

Question 10

what is an AGMP?

Answer 10

aerosol generating medical procedure

Question 11

what are some examples of pathogens that spread airborne?

Answer 11

TB, varicella, measles

Question 12

how long can the measles virus be active airborne for?

Answer 12

90 minutes

Question 13

what is common vehicle transmission?

Answer 13

transmission from a single contaminated source (contaminant to person) ex: ecoli from water

Question 14

what are some pathogens that are transmitted via common vehicle transmission?

Answer 14

ecoli, salmonella, pseudomonas

Question 15

what is vectorborne transmission?

Answer 15

transmission via vectors (living organisms), (animal/insect to person) ex: mosquitos, flies, mice

Question 16

what are some examples of vectorborne transmission?

Answer 16

West Nile Virus, Lyme Disease

Question 17

what are ARO’s

Answer 17

antibiotic resistant organisms

Question 18

why are ARO’s such a threat to public health?

Answer 18

because they are so difficult to treat

Question 19

what are the most common ARO’s?

Answer 19

C-DIff, MRSA,VRE, extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), CPE (the long word lol)

Question 20

what is the difference between routine practices and additional precautions?

Answer 20

routine: standard practices, happen for every patient
additional: isolation precautions, implemented as soon as patient shows signs of an infectious pathogen

Question 21

what is PPE? what does it stand for?

Answer 21

personal protective equipment, acts as a physical barrier between the pathogen and the uninfected

Question 22

what are the 3 types of isolation precautions?

Answer 22

contact, droplet, airborne

Question 23

what type of PPE is required for contact precautions?

Answer 23

gown (when skin or clothing will touch the patient)
glove
transportation: patient gown and glove, skin lesions covered
accommodation: single room, door can stay open

Question 24

what type of PPE is required for droplet precautions?

Answer 24

mask
face protection
transportation: mask
accommodation: single room, door can stay open

Question 25

what type of PPE is required for airborne precautions?

Answer 25

N95 mask
transportation: N95, skin lesions covered
Accommodation: AIIR room

Question 26

what are AGMP’s?

Answer 26

medical procedures that can generate aerosols as a result of an artificial manipulation of a patients airway