MED AD Flashcards
study of drugs and their interaction with living things which
encompasses the physical, and chemical properties , biochemical and physiologic effects
PHARMACOLOGY
any chemical that can affect living processes
DRUG
substances administered for the diagnosis, cure, treatment or relief of a
symptom or for prevention of disease
MEDICATION
written direction for the preparation and administration of a drug
PRESCRIPTION
art of preparing, compounding and dispensing drugs
PHARMACY
PLEASE REVIEW LATER THE DRUG PREPARATIONS
severe
allergic reaction that occurs
immediately after administration of the
drug. May be fatal if symptoms goes
unnoticed and treated immediately
ANAPHYLACTIC REACTION
Exists in a client who exhibit an unusually low physiologic
response to a drug and requires increases in the dosage to
maintain a given therapeutic effect e.g. opioids,
barbiturates
Drug Tolerance
When the administration of one drug before, at the same
time or after another drug alters the effects of one or both
drugs. Can be SYNERGISTIC OR ANTAGONISTIC
Drug
Interaction
Disease caused unintentionally by medical therapy
Iatrogenic
Disease
Improper use of common medications that lead to acute or
chronic toxicity
MISUSE
Inappropriate intake of substances, either continually or
periodically
ABUSE
Reliance on or need to take a drug or substance. Can either
be Physiologic or Psychologic dependence
DEPENANCE
Mild form of psychologic dependence, developing a habit
of taking substance and feeling better after
HABITUATION
Also called street drugs, sold illegally
ILLICIT DRUG
SAFER MEANS
SPEAK UP, ASK Q, FIND FACTS, EVLUATE CHOICES, READ LABELS
pro re nata, a Latin phrase meaning as needed
PRN
Also known as compliance is
defined as the extent to which
a patient’s behavior coincides
with medical advice
PATIENT ADHERENCE
PHARMACOKINETICS
* Derived from two Greek words, 2
Pharmakon (drug or poison) and kinesis
(motion)
Transmission of medications from
the location of administration to
the bloodstream
ABSORPTION
INJECTION TECHNIQUES 4
INTRAMUCULAR- 90
SUBCUTANEOUS - 45
INTRAVENOUS - 25
INTRADERMAL- 10-15
INTRATHECAL
SPINAL INJECTION
Refers to the percentage of
administered drug available
for activity
BIOAVAILABILITY
transportation of medications
to sites of action by bodily
fluids.
DISTRIBUTION
compound
that is metabolized into an
active pharmacologic
substance
PRODRUGS AND HALF LIFE
time it takes for
the amount of drug in the
body to be reduced by half
HALF LIFE
plateau drug level,
amount of drug administered is equal to
the amount being eliminated (optimal
therapeutic effect), approx. 4 half lives
STEADY STATE
giving a large initial dose so
therapeutic effect is achieved while a
steady state is reached
LOADING
dose needed to
maintain drug concentration at a steady
state, consistent dosing and interval
MAINTENANCE
Study of the effects of the
drugs on the body
* Drugs act within the
body to mimic the
actions of the body’s own
chemical messengers
PHARMACODYNAMICS
refers to the amount
of drug to elicit a specific
response to a drug
POTENCY
Body’s physiologic response
changes in drug concentration
at the site of action
DOSE-RESPONSE
RELATIONSHIP
increasing
a drug dosage no longer
increases the response
MAXIMAL EFFICIENCY
Describes the relationship between
the therapeutic dose of the drug
and the toxic dose of a drug
THERAPEUTIC INDEX
no need for routine serum drug
level monitoring
High TI has a wide safety margin
Low TI has a narrow safety margin
serum drug levels should be
monitored
medication that can mimic the receptor activity
regulated by endogenous compounds
AGONIST
medication that can block normal receptor
activity regulated by endogenous compounds
ANTAGONIST
limited affinity to receptor sites
PARTIAL AGONIST
NONSPECIFIC VS NONSELECTIVE
NONSPECIFIC – drugs that
affect multiple receptor sites
NONSELECTIVE – drugs that
affect multiple receptor
degree of
detrimental effects
caused by excessive
drug dosing
TOXIXITY
sensitization of the
immune system
ALLERGIC REACTION
uncommon drug
response d/t genetic
predisposition
Idiosyncratic Effect –
opposite of the
intended drug response
Paradoxical effect –
disease caused by drugs
LATROGENIC DISEASE
state in which the body
has adapted to drug
exposure, will cause
abstinence syndrome if
discontinued
PHYSICAL DEPENDANCE
cancercausing
CARCINOGENIC
organ
toxicities 3
Hepatotoxic/
Ototoxicity/
Nephrotoxicity
given only once and given immediately
STAT PRESCRIPTION
stipulates at what dosage, what frequency and condition a medication may be
given
PRN
written for specific circumstance, may or may not have a
termination date and carried out until an order to cancel it is given
STANDING PRESCRIPTION
3 PH LAW
- Republic Act No. 6675 - The
Generics Act Of 1988 - Republic Act No. 9502 –
Universally acceptable cheaper
and quality medicines act of 2008
(amendment of RA 5921) - Republic Act No. 9165 –
Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs
Act of 2002
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