Mam Enrique Flashcards
Identifies leading health indicators
(LHI’s). 5
- household food insecurity
- hunger
- homicides
- suicides
- children with obesity
State of complete
physical, mental, and social
well-being, not merely the
absence of disease or
infirmity“
WHO, 1947,
2021a
Actualization of inherent
and acquired human potential
through goal-directed
behavior, competent selfcare, and satisfying
relationships with others.
(Pender et.al.,
2015;Murdaugh et.al., 2019)
People who are free from
disease are not necessarily
healthy.
(Pender, 1996)
Health is influenced by a
person‘s culture and lifestyle.
(Murdaugh et.al., 2019)
Addresses the relationship between
a person’s beliefs and behaviors
(Rosenstoch, 1974; Becker and
Maiman, 1975).
HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
Composed of 3 Components: HEALTH BELIEF MODEL
Individual’s perception of
susceptibility to an illness.
* Individual’s perception of the
seriousness of the illness.
* Likelihood of taking
preventive action.
Describes the multidimensional
nature of people as they interact
within their environment to pursue
health ( Murdaugh et.al., 2019)
HEALTH promotion MODEL
Focus on 3 Areas:HEALTH promotion MODEL
- Individual characteristics &
experiences. - Behavior- specific cognitions
& affect. - Behavioral outcome
Certain human needs (e.g food,
water, safety & love ) are
necessary for human survival &
health.
MASLOW’S HIERARCHY OF NEEDS
highest
expression of one’s individual
potential.
Self- Actualization
Promotes a patient’s optimal level of
health by considering the dynamic
interactions among emotional, spiritual,
social, cultural and physical aspects of an
individual’s wellness. (LaVela et.al., 2017).
HOLISTIC HEALTH MODEL
Holistic Interventions 6
- meditation
- music therapy
- reminiscence
- relaxation therapy
- therapeutic touch
- guide imagery
Please read 4 models of health and illness graphics
INTERNAL VARIABLES (5)
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE
PERCEPTION OF FUNCTIONING
INTELLECTUAL
BACKGROUND
EMOTIONAL FACTORS
SPIRITUAL FACTORS
Considering a patient’s growth
helps you predict
a patient’s response to an actual illness
or the threat of a future illness.
DEVELOPMENTAL STAGE
Perceptions of physical functioning
affect people’s health beliefs and
practices.
PERCEPTION OF FUNCTIONING
A person’s beliefs about health
are shaped in part by
educational background,
traditions, and past
experiences.
INTELLECTUAL
BACKGROUND
A patient’s degree of
stress, depression, or fear
influences health beliefs
and practices.
EMOTIONAL FACTORS
serves as an integrating theme in
people’s lives and often provides motivation
to participate in health promoting activities.
(Lindell et al., 2019; Dadipoor et al., 2020).
SPIRITUAL FACTORS
EXTERNAL VARIABLES 3
FAMILY ROLE & PRACTICES
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS
OF HEALTH
CULTURE
The roles and organization of a _____
influence how each _____ member
defines health and illness and values
health practices.
FAMILY ROLE & PRACTICES
Health is determined by a person’s
circumstances and environment,
SDOH- social, commercial, cultural,
economic, environmental & political
SOCIAL DETERMINANTS
OF HEALTH
It influences the approach
to the health care systems,
personal health practices,
and the nurse-patient
relationship
CULTURE
Public health
focuses on: 3
> Health promotion
health education
illness prevention
helps individuals maintain or
enhance their present health.
Health Promotion
it includes providing information on
topics such as physical awareness,
stress management, & selfresponsibility to enable individuals
to improve their health.
Health Education
Activities such as immunization
programs and blood pressure
screenings
Illness Prevention
Levels of
Prevention 3
Primary and secondary and tertiary
-True Prevention
* It’s goal is to reduce the
incidence of disease. And example
Primary Prevention, Health
Education
Program
Nutritional
Programs
Focuses on preventing the
spread of disease, illness, or
infection once it occurs. And examples
Secondary Prevention
Mass
screening
Focused exams
to cure &
prevent
disease
- It involves minimizing the effects of long-term disease or disability by
interventions directed at preventing complications & deterioration. - Activities are directed at rehabilitation rather than diagnosis &
treatment.
Tertiary Prevention
Risk factors NONMODIFIABLE
Age
Gender
Genetics
Family history
MODIFIABLE
Lifestyle practices
& behaviors, Environment
State in which a person’s physical,
emotional,
intellectual,
social,
developmental,
or
spiritual
functioning is diminished or impaired.
ILLNESS
Usually reversible & has a short
duration. Symptoms appear
abruptly, intense and subside
after a relatively short period.
ACUTE
Lasts more than 6 months;
irreversible
and
affects
functioning in one or more
systems.
CHRONIC
People often adopt
cognitive, affective, and
behavioral reactions to their
diseases that are influenced
by sociocultural &
psychological factors.
Illness
Behavior
Patient’s perceptions of
symptoms and the nature
of a disease.
INTERNAL
VARIABLES
Variables influencing a patient’s
illness behavior include the
visibility of symptoms, social
groups, cultural background,
economic variables, accessibility
of the health care system &
social support
EXTERNAL
VARIABLES
VARIABLES INFLUENCING ILLNESS & ILLNESS
BEHAVIOR 6
- Physical stressors
- Work stress
- Exposure to air pollution
- Unsafe environment
- Heredity & individual practices
- Influence of emotional,
intellectual, social, developmental
& spiritual factors
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