ASEPSIS INFECTION CONTROL Flashcards
collective vegetation in a given area
RESIDENT FLORA
microbial species that can be
cultured from body surfaces under certain circumstances
TRANSIENT FLORA
growth of MO’s in body
tissue where they are not usually found
INFECTION
detectable alteration in
normal tissue function
DISEASE
no clinical evidence of disease
ASYMPTOMATIC / SUBCLINICAL -
ability to produce
disease
PATHOGENICITY
can be
transmitted to an individual
COMMUNICABLE
causes disease only in susceptible
individuals
OPPORTUNISTIC PATHOGEN
freedom from diseasecausing microorganisms
ASEPSIS
practices
intended to confine
a specific MO to a
specific area
MEDICAL
practices that keep
an area or object
free from all MOs
SURGICAL
process by which
strains of microorganisms become
resident flora
COLONIZATION
limited to
specific part of the body where the
MO’s remain
LOCAL INFECTION
MO’s spread
and damage different parts of the
body
SYSTEMIC INFECTION
culture of the
individual’s blood reveals MO’s
BACTEREMIA
infection originate from the client themselves
Endogenous
Serious infection that occurs when MOs enter the
bloodstream through a large catheter placed in a
large vein
CENTRAL LINE-ASSOCIATED BLOOD
STREAM INFECTION (CLABSI)
Any infection involving any part of the urinary
system (urethra, bladder, ureters or kidneys acquired
in the hospital
CATHETER-ASSOCIATED URINARY
TRACT INFECTION (CAUTI)
An infection that occurs after surgery in the part of
the body where the surgery took place
SURGICAL SITE INFECTION (SSI)
A lung infection that develops in a person on a
machine used to help the client breathe
VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED
PNEUMONIA (VAP)
occurs through skin-to-skin
contact, kissing, and sexual intercourse. Also refers to
contact with soil or vegetation harboring infectious
organisms
DIRECT CONTACT
spray with relatively large, shortrange aerosols produced by sneezing, coughing, or
even talking. Droplet spread is classified as direct
because transmission is by direct spray over a few
feet, before the droplets fall to the ground.
DROPLET SPREAD -
indirectly transmit an infectious
agent include food, water, biologic
products (blood), and fomites (inanimate
objects such as handkerchiefs, bedding, or
surgical scalpels)
VEHICLE
such as mosquitoes, fleas, and
ticks may carry an infectious agent
through purely mechanical means or may
support growth or changes in the agent
VECTOR
protect
the individual against
all MOs
Non-specific
directed
against identifiable
infectious agent
SPEIFIC
local and nonspecific defensive
response of the tissues to an
injurious/ infectious agent
INFLAMMATORY RESONSE
Injurious agents are classified as either: 3
Physical agents, 2) Chemical Agents
and 3) Microorganisms
produced consisting of fluid that escaped from blood
vessels, dead phagocytes and dead tissue cells
Exudate
substance that induces a state of
sensitivity or immune responsiveness
ANTIGEN
originate from own body
Autoantigen
Also called humoral immunity as it resides in the B lymphocytes
and mediated by antibodies produced by B cells
ANTIBODY MEDIATED
also called immunoglobulins are part of the body’s
plasma proteins
ANTIBODIIES
Occurs through T cell system
* 3 types:
Helper T cells, 2) cytotoxic T cells, 3)
suppressor T cells
It is considered one of the most effective infection
prevention measures.
HAND HYGIENE
a chemical preparation, such as
phenol or iodine compounds, used on inanimate
objects.
DISINFECTANT
preparation destroys bacteria,
whereas a bacteriostatic preparation prevents the
growth and reproduction of some bacteria.
bactericidal
process that destroys all microorganisms,
including spores and viruses.
STERILIZATION
most practical and
inexpensive, some spores and viruses are
not killed. Min 15 mins for disinfection at
home
BOILING
ionizing (alpha,beta and xray) and non-ionizing (UV light) , rays do
not penetrate deeply
RADIATION
A specific type of aseptic technique
with a unique Theoretical and
Clinical Practice Framework based
upon the original concept of KeyPart and Key-Site Protection where
staff identify and protect key parts
and key sites (Rowley 2011)
ASEPTIC NON-TOUCH
TECHNIQUE
The critical part of equipment
that comes into contact with a key site.
KEY PART
part of the body that is at
risk of contamination if ANTT is not used
e.g. wound, urethral meatus, insertion
and access sites for medical devices.
KEY SITE
REVIEW THIS
- A – Always ensure hands are decontaminated effectively prior to
the procedure
N – Never contaminate key parts of sterile materials/equipment or
the patient’s susceptible key sites
T – Touch non-key parts with confidence
T –Take appropriate infection prevention and control precautions
e.g. use of PPE, safe waste management
An infectious agent may be transmitted from
its natural reservoir to a susceptible host in
different ways
Chain of infection
Hospital nakukuha
Exogenous
