Med A-C Flashcards
ankyl/o
stiff joint
arthr/o
joint
articul/o
joint
burs/o
sac
carp/o
wrist
cervic/o
neck
chondr/o
cartilage
clavicul/o
clavicle
coccyg/o
coccyx
cortic/o
outer portion
cost/o
rib
crani/o
skull
blast
immature, embryonic
clasia
to break surgically
Compact Bone
Also called cortical bone
Very dense and hard
Outer layer of bone
Found in both epiphysis and diaphysis
Cancellous Bone
Also called spongy bone
Found inside bone
Has spaces containing red bone marrow
Manufactures blood cells
Condyle
Smooth rounded portion at end of bone
-ac
pertaining to
-al
pertaining to
-algia
pain
-ar
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
-centesis
puncture to withdraw fluid
anti-
against
bi-
two
chiropractic
Healthcare profession concerned with diagnosis and treatment of malalignment conditions of the spine and musculo-skeletal system with the intention of affecting the nervous system and 6767 health. Healthcare professional is a chiropractor.
arthralgia
joint pain
bursitis
inflammation of a bursa
callus
mass of bone tissue that forms at fracture site during healing
chondromalacia
softening of the cartilage
crepitation
noise produced by bones or cartilage rubbing together
closed fracture
fracture with no open skin wound; also called simple fracture
Colles’ fracture
(pronounced “call-es”) common wrist fracture
comminuted fracture
fracture where bone is shattered, splintered, or crushed
compound fracture
fracture with an open skin wound; also called open fracture
compression fracture
fracture with loss of height in vertebral body; often from osteoporosis
chondroma
tumor in cartilage; usually benign
ankylosing spondylitis
inflammatory condition resembles rheumatoid arthritis; gradual stiffening and fusion of vertebrae
bunion
inflammation of bursa at base of great toe
AE
above elbow
AK
above knee
BDT
bone density testing
BE
below elbow
BK
below knee
BMD
bone mineral density
C1, C2, etc.
first cervical vertebra, etc.
Ca
calcium
–asthenia
weakness
ab-
away from
ad–
towards
circum–
around
Action
Type of movement produced by the muscle
Antagonistic pairs
Pair of muscles arranged around a joint
Produce opposite actions
abduction
movement away from midline of body
adduction
movement toward midline of body
Circumduction
Movement in circular direction from a central point
bi/o
life
carp/o
wrist
-al
pertaining to
-algia
pain
-ar
pertaining to
a-
without
brady-
slow
adhesion
scar tissue in fascia; makes muscle movement difficult
atrophy
poor muscle development; result of muscle disease or lack of use; muscle wasting
bradykinesia
having slow movements
contracture
abnormal shortening of muscle fibers, tendons, or fascia
creatine phosphokinase (CPK)
muscle enzyme found in skeletal and cardiac muscle; elevated blood levels indicate muscle damage; seen in muscular dystrophy and heart attack
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
CPK
creatine phosphokinase
aer/o
air
alveol/o
alveolus; air sac
anthrac/o
coal
atel/o
incomplete
bronch/o
bronchus
bronchi/o
bronchus
bronchiol/o
bronchiole
coni/o
dust
capnia
carbon dioxide
angi/o
vessel
arteri/o
artery
bi/o
life
carcin/o
cancer
cardi/o
heart
cortic/o
outer region, cortex
cyan/o
blue
cyst/o
cyst, bladder
cyt/o
cell
-al
pertaining to
-algia
pain
-ar
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
-centesis
puncture to withdraw fluid
a-
without
an-
without
anti-
against
brady-
slow
angi/o
vessel
aort/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
ather/o
fatty substance
atri/o
atrium
cardi/o
heart
coron/o
heart
corpor/o
body
angi/o
vessel
cutane/o
skin
-ac
pertaining to
-al
pertaining to
-ar
pertaining to
-ary
pertaining to
a-
without
anti-
against
brady-
slow
aortic
pertaining to the aorta
arterial
pertaining to an artery
arteriole
a small artery
atrial
pertaining to an atrium
cardiac
pertaining to the heart
coronary
pertaining to the heart
cardiology
The branch of medicine involving diagnosis and treatment of conditions and diseases of the cardiovascular system. Physician is a cardiologist.
cardiovascular technician
Healthcare professional trained to perform a variety of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures including electrocardiography, echocardiography, and exercise stress tests.
angiitis
inflammation of a vessel
angiospasm
involuntary contraction of smooth muscle in wall of a vessels; narrows the vessel
angiostenosis
narrowing of a vessel
bradycardia
a slow heart rate, typically below 60 beats per minute
angina pectoris
severe pain and sensation of constriction around heart; caused by myocardial ischemia
arrhythmia
irregularity in heartbeat; some are mild and others are life threatening
bundle branch block (BBB)
electrical impulse is blocked from traveling down bundle branches; results in ventricles beating at different rate than atria; also called heart block
cardiac arrest
complete stopping of heart activity
congestive heart failure (CHF)
left ventricle muscle is too weak to efficiently pump blood; results in weakness, breathlessness, & edema
CHF
congestive heart failure
BBB
bundle branch block (BBB)
coronary artery disease (CAD)
poor blood supply to heart muscle due to obstruction of coronary arteries; may cause angina pectoris and heart attack
CAD
coronary artery disease (CAD)
aneurysm
weakness and ballooning of arterial wall; commonly seen in abdominal and cerebral arteries
arteriorrhexis
a ruptured artery
arteriosclerosis
hardening & loss of elasticity of arterial walls; often due to atherosclerosis
atheroma
deposit of fatty substance in wall of artery, bulges into and narrows artery; also called a plaque
atherosclerosis
most common form of arteriosclerosis; lipid plaques form in arterial wall
coarctation of aorta (CoA)
severe congenital narrowing of aorta
CoA
coarctation of aorta
auscultation
listening to sounds within body using a stethoscope
cardiac enzymes
blood test determines level of enzymes specific to heart muscle in blood; an increase may indicate heart muscle damage such as a myocardial infarction
angiogram
X-ray record of a vessel
angiography
X-rays taken after injection of opaque dye into blood vessel
cardiac scan
nuclear medicine scan using radioactive thallium; especially useful in determining myocardial damage
catheter
flexible tube inserted in body to move fluids into or out of body; may be used to place dye into a vein to view blood vessels
cardiac catheterization
catheter is threaded through blood vessel to heart; detects abnormalities, collects cardiac blood samples, and determines blood pressure inside heart
cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR)
procedure to restore cardiac output and oxygenate air for person in cardiac arrest; uses chest compressions and artificial respiration
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
aneurysmectomy
surgical removal of an aneurysm
arterial anastomosis
surgical joining of two arteries when an artery is severed or a damaged section is removed
atherectomy
surgical removal of an atheroma
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
blood vessel from another location (often a leg vein) is grafted to route blood around a blocked coronary artery
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
ACE inhibitor drugs
produce vasodilation to decrease blood pressure
Lotensin, Capoten
antiarrhythmic
reduces or prevents cardiac arrhythmias
Tambocor, Corvert
anticoagulant
prevents blood clot formation
Warfarin, Coumadin
antilipidemic
reduces blood cholesterol level
Lipitor, Zocor
Beta-blocker
lowers heart rate to treat hypertension and angina pectoris
Lopressor, Inderal
Calcium channel blocker
decreases force of heart beat to treat hypertension, angina pectoris, and congestive heart failure
Cardizem, Procardia
cardiotonic
increases force of heart contraction to treat congestive heart failure
Lanoxin
agglutin/o
clumping
bas/o
base
chrom/o
color
coagul/o
clotting
cyt/o
cell
auto-
self
-apheresis
removal
-crit
separation of
-cytosis
more than normal number of cells
-cyte
cell
Albumin
Plasma protein helps transport fatty substances
Basophils
Release histamine and heparin to damaged tissue
agranulocyte
white blood cell without granules
basophil
WBC that attracts a basic pH stain
blood clot
hard collection of fibrin, blood cells, and tissue debris; end result of hemostasis
coagulate
to convert a liquid to a solid; as in blood clotting
anemia
group of conditions characterized by a reduction in number of RBCs or the amount of hemoglobin; results in less oxygen reaching tissues
aplastic anemia
severe anemia; red bone marrow stops making sufficient blood cells; may require bone marrow transplant
blood culture & sensitivity (C&S)
blood is incubated to identify infecting bacteria and then test determines best antibiotic to use
C&S
blood culture & sensitivity
complete blood count (CBC)
set of blood tests: RBC count, WBC count, hemoglobin, hematocrit, white blood cell differential, and platelet count
CBC
complete blood count
bone marrow aspiration
sample of bone marrow removed by aspiration and examined for diseases such as leukemia and aplastic anemia
autologous transfusion
collection and storage of patient’s own blood prior to actual need
blood transfusion
artificial transfer of blood into the bloodstream
bone marrow transplant (BMT)
patient receives red bone marrow from donor after patient’s own bone marrow has been destroyed
BMT
bone marrow transplant
anticoagulant
prevents blood clot formation
warfarin, Coumadin
antihemorrhagic
prevents bleeding
Amicar, Vitamin K
antiplatelet agent
interferes with action of platelets
Plavix, Ticlid
ALL
acute lymphocytic leukemia
AML
acute myelogenous leukemia
basos
basophils
BMT
bone marrow transplant
CBC
complete blood count
CLL
chronic lymphocytic leukemia
CML
chronic myelogenous leukemia
aden/o
gland
carcin/o
cancer
cardi/o
heart
chem/o
chemical
cis/o
to cut
a-
without, away from
an-
without
ante-
before, in front of
anti-
against
auto-
self
brady-
slow
contra-
against
bi-
two
-algia
pain
-cele
hernia, protrusion
-cyte
cell
Singular: -a
Plural: -ae
Singular: -ex or -ix
Plural: -ices
Singular: -is
Plural: -es
Singular: -itis
Plural: -ides
Singular: -nx
Plural: -ges
Singular: -on
Plural: -a
Singular: -um
Plural: -a
Singular: -us
Plural: -i
Term to be translated
gastroenterology
Divide the term into its word parts
gastr / o / enter / o / logy
Define each word part gastr = stomach o = combining vowel, no meaning enter = small intestine o = combining vowel, no meaning -logy = study of
A, “A”
Assessment
a, (a), (A)
Assist (Min, Mod, Max)
ABG(S)
Arterial Blood Gas(es)
ACE
Angiotensin-Converting enzyme
Ach
Acetylcholine
ACL
Anterior Cruciate Ligament
ad lib
as desired
AD
Assisted Device; Alzhiemer’s Disease
ADA
Americans with Disabilities Act
add
adduction
ADL
Activities of Daily Living
AE
Above Elbow
AFO
Ankle-Foot orthosis
AIDS
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
AK
Above knee
AKA
Above knee Amputation
ALS
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
am
before noon
AMA
Against Medical Advice
AMB,amb
Ambulatory
ANOVA
Analysis of Variance
APB
Abductor Pollicus Brevis
APL
Abductor Pollicus Longus
ARDS
Adult (acute) Respiratory Distress Syndrome
B, (B), bil
both or bilateral
BBB
Blood-Brain Barrier
BE
Below Elbow
bid
twice
BK
Below Knee
BKA
Below Knee Amputation
BLE OR (B)LE
Bilateral Lower Extremities
BP
Blood Pressure
BPM
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
BUN
Blood Urea Nitrogen
Ca
Calcium
CA
Cancer
CABG
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft
CAD
Coronary Artery Disease
CAT
Computerized Axial Tomography
CBC
Complete Blood Count
c/c or C/C
Chief Complaint
CDC
Centers for Disease Control
CF
Cystic Fibrosis
CGA
Contract Guard Assist
CHI
Closed Head Injury
cm
Centimeter
CMC
Carpometacarpal
CMS
Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services
CNS
Central Nervous System
c/o
Complains Of
COPD
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COTA
Certified Occupational Therapist Assistant
CP
Cerebral Palsy
CPAP
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure
CPM
Continuous Passive Motion
CPR
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
CSF
Cerebrospinal Fluid
CT
Computed Tomography
CV
Cardiovascular
CVA
Cerebrovascular Accident
cx
Cancel; Crutches
