Mechanisms of learning

Question 1

There are 3 types of knowledge

Answer 1

Declarative (symbolic), procedural (algorithmic/syntactic), and conceptual (semantic)

Question 2

The authentic experience is determined by 3 components:

Answer 2

-Context of action (situated knowledge)
-Didactic premises (actualised in social-spatial setting; subject matter knowledge)
-Premises for action (biographical knowledge)

Question 3

Models of authenticity include:

Answer 3

-Apprenticeship model/mentoring
-Simulated reality model
-Enminding model

Question 4

In order to be willing to learn (trust, safety, confort), you need to be also?

Answer 4

Ready (curiosity, positive expectations, anticipating advantages) and able to learn (learning to learn, perseverence).

Question 5

How does learning occurs in the brain according to Zull (2012)?

Answer 5

Concept creation (prefrontal cortex) -> Active testing (motor cortex) -> Accumulation (sensorial cortices) -> Reflexive observation (temporal lobe)

Question 6

What is the model of enminding made up of?

Answer 6

-Disiciplinary “mind”
-Context (social-professional)
-Learning experiences (scenarios)
-Biography (experience + expertise)

Question 7

What are the dimensions to take into account for designing learning experiences according to Ciolan (2008, 2018)?

Answer 7

Cognitive, emotional, social and actional dimensions.

Question 8

What is the ideal affective state to be in while learning?

Answer 8

Relaxed alertness (trust/confidence, safety and comfort)

Question 8

What are some reference parameters for authentic learning?

Answer 8

Learning across disciplines, learning by exploring/creating, self-regulated learning, meaningful activities, learning events, networking.

Question 9

What is contiguity?

Answer 9

The sequential occurence of stimulus and response leading to their association in the mind.

Question 9

Brofenbrenner’s Learning ecosystems holds:

Answer 9

That there are 6 systems interacting with one another:
-Individual
-Microsystem (family, peers, school, church)
-Mesosystem (family-school, school-workplace)
-Exosystem (2 systems one which does not include the developing person)
-Macrosystem (industry, services, media)
-Chronosystem (time)

Question 10

According to Behavior Change theory, there are 3 components which are necessary for a behavioral change:

Answer 10

-Attitudes (beliefs)
-Social norms (beliefs about other’s beliefs)
-Behavioral control (belief on own ability)

Question 11

The theory of planner behavior says that:

Answer 11

attitudes, social norms and behavioral control lead to intentions of actions which lead to behaviors

Question 12

What is the hierarchy of changing behaviors?

Answer 12

-Reflexive behaviors (pull hand away from stove)
-Intuitive behaviors (catch an object)
-Learned behaviors: conscious and post-conscious (routines)

Question 13

A competency is made up of:

Answer 13

knowledge, skills, motivation (and context)

Question 14

What is the performance management cycle?

Answer 14

Operating COMP and BEN system => Setting KPIS and work plan => Performance evaluation (interim, anual) => Feedback & support for development

Question 15

What are some examples of errors in evaluation?

Answer 15

Halo effect (comparison)
Pygmalion effect (expectation)
Oedipus effect (anticipation/gender)
Cluster effect
Gauss effect
Central tendency effect

Question 16

How is competency constructed?

Answer 16

Through intervention strategies that are wide and reflexive listening and feedback.

Question 17

What is the training cycle?

Answer 17

Training need identification and analysis => Training design & development => Delivery and support => Evaluation, validation and follow-up

Question 18

What are Senge’s 5 organisational learning disciplines?

Answer 18

Systemic thinking, personal mastery, reconsidering mental models, builiding a shared vision, team learning