Educational psychology Flashcards
Aristotle said things are remembered together when they are similar, contrasting, and:
Contiguous
What are the behaviorist theories of learning?
Classical conditioning (Ivan Pavlov), law of effect (Thorndike), operant conditioning (Skinner), Social Learning Theory (Bandura)
Fixed ratio refers to:
Fixed number of behaviors required for reinforcement
Variable interval refers to:
Variable amount of time required for reinforcement
What does Premack’s principle say?
One way to increase less enjoyed activities is to link them with more-enjoyed activities
Primary reinforcers are basic human needs, while secondary reinforcers are social, activity, token/symbolic. True or false?
True
Punishment is the same as negative reinforcement. True or false?
False
What is shaping?
Succesive approximations of a behavior which are reinforced (Vygotsky’s proximal zone of development)
The 4 phases of Bandura’s social learning theory are:
Attentional, retention, reproduction, motivational
What is self-regulated learning?
Observe own behavior, judge it against own standard and reinforce/punish oneself.
What does Meichenbaum’s model of self-regulated learning say?
-focus on metacognition and self-instruction
-steps: cognitive modelling => overt, external guidance => overt, self-guidance => faded, overt self-guidance => covert self-instruction (private speech)
What is a proactive interference? What about a retroactive?
Proactive: previously learned info influences recall of new informations.
Retroactive: new information influences the recall of previously learned info.
What is Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development?
The distance between actual (independent) development level and potential of development (collaboration)
What are the components of Zimmerman’s self-regulated learning?
Forethought => performance => self-reflection
What is instrumental enrichment (Reuven Feuerstein)?
Develop various abilities through a series of paper-and-pencil exercises
Positive transfer of learning can be characterized as either a proactive or a retroactive facilitation. True or false?
True
According to self-determination theory what types of motivations are there?
Extrinsic, intrinsic, and demotivation
What does Maslow say about needs?
There are deficiency needs (physiological, safety, love, esteem), and growth needs (self-actualization: need to know, understand, appreciate beauty)
What does McClelland’s Theory of Needs say?
There are 3 motivators: achievement, affiliation, power.
Self-Determination theory says that autonomy, competence and relatedness lead to motivation. True or false?
True
Expectancy theory says:
effort to achieve depends on expectation of reward (expectancy-valence model)
What are the 3 characteristics part of the Attribution theory of motivation?
Internal/external, stable/unstable, controllable/uncontrollable
What are the dimension of the No Child Left Behind model?
Pos.-neg. relationship, Control-empowerment
These result in:
-Understanding classroom (control, pos. rel.)
-Destructive classroom (control, neg. rel.)
-Motivating classroom (empowerment, pos. rel.)
-Confusing/neglecting classroom (empowermnet, neg. rel.)
What are gardner’s mutiple intelligences?
Linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic
What is learning readiness?
Student’s entry point into a particular competence or concept
Which of these are supported by research: between-class or within-class ability grouping?
Within-class
What is individualized instruction?
Adaptive, personalized, differentiated instruction.
What does a Individualized Education Program imply?
It guides the services the student with a disability receives
What does multicultural education include?
Content information, knowledge construction, prejudice reduction, equity pedagogy, empowering school culture
What is an intentional teacher?
A teacher who is aware and respects differences, proactively seeking professional development to improve outcomes for diverse students, they involve parents and communities, etc.
What is overlapping?
Teacher’s ability to attend to interruptions/behavior problems while continuing a lesson/instructional activity.
What does the principle of least intervention imply?
Classroom management based on prevention, non-verbal cues, praise of correct behavior, praise for other students, verbal reminders, repeated reminders, consequences
What are the characteristics of bullying?
Intentional, repeated, aggresive, power imbalance (the last 3 are Perron’s 3 criteria for identifying bullying)
