Educational psychology Flashcards
Aristotle said things are remembered together when they are similar, contrasting, and:
Contiguous
What are the behaviorist theories of learning?
Classical conditioning (Ivan Pavlov), law of effect (Thorndike), operant conditioning (Skinner), Social Learning Theory (Bandura)
Fixed ratio refers to:
Fixed number of behaviors required for reinforcement
Variable interval refers to:
Variable amount of time required for reinforcement
What does Premack’s principle say?
One way to increase less enjoyed activities is to link them with more-enjoyed activities
Primary reinforcers are basic human needs, while secondary reinforcers are social, activity, token/symbolic. True or false?
True
Punishment is the same as negative reinforcement. True or false?
False
What is shaping?
Succesive approximations of a behavior which are reinforced (Vygotsky’s proximal zone of development)
The 4 phases of Bandura’s social learning theory are:
Attentional, retention, reproduction, motivational
What is self-regulated learning?
Observe own behavior, judge it against own standard and reinforce/punish oneself.
What does Meichenbaum’s model of self-regulated learning say?
-focus on metacognition and self-instruction
-steps: cognitive modelling => overt, external guidance => overt, self-guidance => faded, overt self-guidance => covert self-instruction (private speech)
What is a proactive interference? What about a retroactive?
Proactive: previously learned info influences recall of new informations.
Retroactive: new information influences the recall of previously learned info.
What is Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development?
The distance between actual (independent) development level and potential of development (collaboration)
What are the components of Zimmerman’s self-regulated learning?
Forethought => performance => self-reflection
What is instrumental enrichment (Reuven Feuerstein)?
Develop various abilities through a series of paper-and-pencil exercises