Educational psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Aristotle said things are remembered together when they are similar, contrasting, and:

A

Contiguous

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2
Q

What are the behaviorist theories of learning?

A

Classical conditioning (Ivan Pavlov), law of effect (Thorndike), operant conditioning (Skinner), Social Learning Theory (Bandura)

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3
Q

Fixed ratio refers to:

A

Fixed number of behaviors required for reinforcement

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4
Q

Variable interval refers to:

A

Variable amount of time required for reinforcement

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5
Q

What does Premack’s principle say?

A

One way to increase less enjoyed activities is to link them with more-enjoyed activities

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6
Q

Primary reinforcers are basic human needs, while secondary reinforcers are social, activity, token/symbolic. True or false?

A

True

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7
Q

Punishment is the same as negative reinforcement. True or false?

A

False

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8
Q

What is shaping?

A

Succesive approximations of a behavior which are reinforced (Vygotsky’s proximal zone of development)

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9
Q

The 4 phases of Bandura’s social learning theory are:

A

Attentional, retention, reproduction, motivational

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10
Q

What is self-regulated learning?

A

Observe own behavior, judge it against own standard and reinforce/punish oneself.

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11
Q

What does Meichenbaum’s model of self-regulated learning say?

A

-focus on metacognition and self-instruction
-steps: cognitive modelling => overt, external guidance => overt, self-guidance => faded, overt self-guidance => covert self-instruction (private speech)

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12
Q

What is a proactive interference? What about a retroactive?

A

Proactive: previously learned info influences recall of new informations.
Retroactive: new information influences the recall of previously learned info.

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13
Q

What is Vygotsky’s Zone of Proximal Development?

A

The distance between actual (independent) development level and potential of development (collaboration)

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14
Q

What are the components of Zimmerman’s self-regulated learning?

A

Forethought => performance => self-reflection

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15
Q

What is instrumental enrichment (Reuven Feuerstein)?

A

Develop various abilities through a series of paper-and-pencil exercises

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16
Q

Positive transfer of learning can be characterized as either a proactive or a retroactive facilitation. True or false?

A

True

17
Q

According to self-determination theory what types of motivations are there?

A

Extrinsic, intrinsic, and demotivation

18
Q

What does Maslow say about needs?

A

There are deficiency needs (physiological, safety, love, esteem), and growth needs (self-actualization: need to know, understand, appreciate beauty)

19
Q

What does McClelland’s Theory of Needs say?

A

There are 3 motivators: achievement, affiliation, power.

20
Q

Self-Determination theory says that autonomy, competence and relatedness lead to motivation. True or false?

A

True

21
Q

Expectancy theory says:

A

effort to achieve depends on expectation of reward (expectancy-valence model)

22
Q

What are the 3 characteristics part of the Attribution theory of motivation?

A

Internal/external, stable/unstable, controllable/uncontrollable

23
Q

What are the dimension of the No Child Left Behind model?

A

Pos.-neg. relationship, Control-empowerment
These result in:
-Understanding classroom (control, pos. rel.)
-Destructive classroom (control, neg. rel.)
-Motivating classroom (empowerment, pos. rel.)
-Confusing/neglecting classroom (empowermnet, neg. rel.)

24
Q

What are gardner’s mutiple intelligences?

A

Linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial, kinesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalistic

25
Q

What is learning readiness?

A

Student’s entry point into a particular competence or concept

26
Q

Which of these are supported by research: between-class or within-class ability grouping?

A

Within-class

27
Q

What is individualized instruction?

A

Adaptive, personalized, differentiated instruction.

28
Q

What does a Individualized Education Program imply?

A

It guides the services the student with a disability receives

29
Q

What does multicultural education include?

A

Content information, knowledge construction, prejudice reduction, equity pedagogy, empowering school culture

30
Q

What is an intentional teacher?

A

A teacher who is aware and respects differences, proactively seeking professional development to improve outcomes for diverse students, they involve parents and communities, etc.

31
Q

What is overlapping?

A

Teacher’s ability to attend to interruptions/behavior problems while continuing a lesson/instructional activity.

32
Q

What does the principle of least intervention imply?

A

Classroom management based on prevention, non-verbal cues, praise of correct behavior, praise for other students, verbal reminders, repeated reminders, consequences

33
Q

What are the characteristics of bullying?

A

Intentional, repeated, aggresive, power imbalance (the last 3 are Perron’s 3 criteria for identifying bullying)