Mechanisms of ID Flashcards
Host
any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another organism
Infectious disease
The disease state brought about by the interaction with another organism
colonization
the presence and multiplication of a living organism on or within the host
Microflora
bacteria inhabiting exposed surfaces of the body
virulence
the disease inducing potential
Pathogens
microorganism so virulent that they are rarely found in the absence of disease
Saprophytes
free living organisms obtaining their growth from dead or decaying organic material from the environment
Mutualism
an interaction in which microorganism and the host both derive benefits from the interaction
Commensalism
an interaction in which colonizing bacteria acquire nutritional needs and shelter but the host body is not affected
Parasitic relationship
only the infecting organism benefits from the relationship
-If the host sustains injury or pathologic damage, the process is called ID
Viruses
-smalllest pathogens
-have no organized cellular structure
-consist of a protein coat surrounding a nucleic acid core of DNA or RNA
-are incapable of replication onside a living cell
Eukaryotes (fungi)
contain a membrane-bound nucleus
Prokaryotes (bacteria)
The nucleus is not separated
Types of parasites
Protozoa, helminths, arthropods
Parasites method of infecting
From members of animal kingdom to humans
Organisms that combine characteristics of viral and bacterial agents to produce disease in humans
Rickettsiaceae, anaplasmataceae, chlamydiaceae, coxiella
Epidemiology
the study of factors, events, and circumstances that influence the transmission of infectious disease among humans
Incidence
the number of new cases of an infectious disease that occurs within a defined population
prevalence
the number of active cases at any given time
Endemic disease
Found in a particular geographic region
-The incidence and prevalence are expected and relatively stable
Epidemic
Abrupt and unexpected increase in the incidence of disease over endemic rates
Pandemic
spread of disease beyond continental boundaries
Nosocomial
developed in hospitalized patients
Disease course in infection
Incubation, prodromal, acute stage, convalescent stage, resolution stage
Abx mechanisms
-interferes with bacteria cell wall synthesis
-Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
-Interruption of bacterial nucleic acid synthesis
-Interference with normal bacterial metabolism
Bactericidal
if it causes irreversible and lethal damage to the bacterial pathogen
Bacteriostatic
if its inhibitory effects on bacterial growth are reversed when the agent is eliminated
