Mechanisms of ID

Question 1

Host

Answer 1

any organism capable of supporting the nutritional and physical growth requirements of another organism

Question 2

Infectious disease

Answer 2

The disease state brought about by the interaction with another organism

Question 3

colonization

Answer 3

the presence and multiplication of a living organism on or within the host

Question 4

Microflora

Answer 4

bacteria inhabiting exposed surfaces of the body

Question 5

virulence

Answer 5

the disease inducing potential

Question 6

Pathogens

Answer 6

microorganism so virulent that they are rarely found in the absence of disease

Question 7

Saprophytes

Answer 7

free living organisms obtaining their growth from dead or decaying organic material from the environment

Question 8

Mutualism

Answer 8

an interaction in which microorganism and the host both derive benefits from the interaction

Question 9

Commensalism

Answer 9

an interaction in which colonizing bacteria acquire nutritional needs and shelter but the host body is not affected

Question 10

Parasitic relationship

Answer 10

only the infecting organism benefits from the relationship
-If the host sustains injury or pathologic damage, the process is called ID

Question 11

Viruses

Answer 11

-smalllest pathogens
-have no organized cellular structure
-consist of a protein coat surrounding a nucleic acid core of DNA or RNA
-are incapable of replication onside a living cell

Question 12

Eukaryotes (fungi)

Answer 12

contain a membrane-bound nucleus

Question 13

Prokaryotes (bacteria)

Answer 13

The nucleus is not separated

Question 14

Types of parasites

Answer 14

Protozoa, helminths, arthropods

Question 15

Parasites method of infecting

Answer 15

From members of animal kingdom to humans

Question 16

Organisms that combine characteristics of viral and bacterial agents to produce disease in humans

Answer 16

Rickettsiaceae, anaplasmataceae, chlamydiaceae, coxiella

Question 17

Epidemiology

Answer 17

the study of factors, events, and circumstances that influence the transmission of infectious disease among humans

Question 18

Incidence

Answer 18

the number of new cases of an infectious disease that occurs within a defined population

Question 19

prevalence

Answer 19

the number of active cases at any given time

Question 20

Endemic disease

Answer 20

Found in a particular geographic region
-The incidence and prevalence are expected and relatively stable

Question 21

Epidemic

Answer 21

Abrupt and unexpected increase in the incidence of disease over endemic rates

Question 22

Pandemic

Answer 22

spread of disease beyond continental boundaries

Question 23

Nosocomial

Answer 23

developed in hospitalized patients

Question 24

Disease course in infection

Answer 24

Incubation, prodromal, acute stage, convalescent stage, resolution stage

Question 25

Abx mechanisms

Answer 25

-interferes with bacteria cell wall synthesis
-Inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis
-Interruption of bacterial nucleic acid synthesis
-Interference with normal bacterial metabolism

Question 26

Bactericidal

Answer 26

if it causes irreversible and lethal damage to the bacterial pathogen

Question 27

Bacteriostatic

Answer 27

if its inhibitory effects on bacterial growth are reversed when the agent is eliminated