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Microbiology > Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance > Flashcards

Mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

B-lactams

A

hydrolysis

mutant PBP

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2
Q

Tetracycline

A

Active efflux from the cell

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3
Q

Aminoglycosides

A

Inactivation by enzymes

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4
Q

Sulfonamides

A

Overproduction of target

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5
Q

Fluoroquinolones

A

Mutant DNA gyrase

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6
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Reduced uptake into cell

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7
Q

Vancomycin

A

reporgramming of D-ala-D-ala

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8
Q

Quinupristin/dalfopristin

A

ribosomal methylation

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9
Q

Macrolides erythromycin

A

RNA methylation

drug efflux

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10
Q

When combined with the beta-lactamase inhibitor tazobactam, this penicillin possesses the broades antibacterial spectrum among its kind

A

Piperacillin

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11
Q

A 28 year old Caucasian male with cystic fibrosis developed Pseudomonas aeruginosa pneumonia. Sensitivity studies showed resistance to levofloxacin. Which of the following drug resistance mechanisms is responsible for this ?

A

alterations in the target enzymes (DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV) and of changes in drug entry and efflux

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12
Q

Tetracycline resistance in gram + and gram - bacteria

A

active efflux of antimicrobial agent

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13
Q

Fluconaole resistance in candida spp

A

active efflux of antimicrobial agent

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14
Q

Resistance to multiple antibiotic classes in Pseudomonas aeuruginosa

A

Impermeability

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15
Q

Glycopeptide resistance in S. aureus

A

Impermeability

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16
Q

Aminoglycoside resistance in strict anaerobes

A

Impermeability - uptake requires O2 dependent transportern system

17
Q

Aminoglycoside resistance in streptococci

A

Impermeability

18
Q

meticillin/flucloxacillin, resistance in MRSA

A

Altered penicillin -binding protein

19
Q

S. pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis resistance in penicillin

A

Altered penicillin -binding protein

20
Q

glyopeptide resistant Enterococci

A

Altered peptidolgycan

21
Q

Rifampicin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RNA polymerase mutation

22
Q

Ciprofloxacin resistance in enterobacteriacea

A

DNA gyrase mutation

23
Q

Resistance to protein synthesis inhibitors (macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, rifampicin, linezolid)

A

ribosomal protein gene mutations

24
Q

trimethoprim resistance is due to

A

dihydrofolate reducatase mutations

25
Q

Echinocandin resistance in cryptococcus spp.

A

Absence of antimicrobial target

26
Q

trimethoprim resistance is due to

A

Overproducion of dihydrofolate reductase

27
Q

resistance of Staph aureus to penicilllin

A

penicillinase - degradation of antimicrobial agent

28
Q

Enterobacteriaceae

A

enzymatic degradation of antimicrobial agent
extended spectrum beta lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae
AmpC Beta lactamases (cephalsporinases) enterobacteriaceae

Microbiology (7 decks)

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