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Chemistry > Mechanisms > Flashcards

Mechanisms Flashcards

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1
Q

Name of the mechanism when alkane is converted to haloalkane

A

Free radical substitution

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2
Q

Reagents of free radical substitution

A

Br2 or Cl2

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3
Q

Conditions of free radical substitution

A

UV light

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4
Q

Name of the mechanism when haloalkane is converted to alkene

A

Elimination

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5
Q

Reagents of elimination when a haloalkane is converted to an alkene

A

KOH

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6
Q

Conditions of elimination when a haloalkane is converted to an alkene

A

Ethanol, reflux

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7
Q

Name of the mechanism when an alkene is converted to a haloalkane

A

Electrophilic addition

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8
Q

Reagents of electrophilic addition when an alkene is converted to a haloalkane

A

HBr, HCl, Br2, Cl2

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9
Q

Name of the mechanism when an alkene is converted to an alkyl hydrogen sulphate

A

Electrophilic addition

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10
Q

Reagent of electrophilic addition when an alkene is converted to an alkyl hydrogen sulphate

A

H2SO4

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11
Q

Name of the reaction type when an alkene is converted to an alcohol

A

Direct Hydration

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12
Q

Reagent of direct hydration when an alkene is converted to an alcohol

A

steam

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13
Q

Catalyst of direct hydration when an alkene is converted to an alcohol

A

H3PO4

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14
Q

Reagent when an alkyl hydrogen sulphate is converted to an alcohol

A

H2O

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15
Q

Name of the mechanism when a haloalkane is converted to an alcohol

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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16
Q

Reagent of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an alcohol

A

NaOH

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17
Q

Conditions of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an alcohol

A

Aqueous, heat under reflux

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18
Q

Name of mechanism when a haloalkane is converted to an amine

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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19
Q

Reagent of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an amine

A

Excess NH3

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20
Q

Condition of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an amine

A

ethanol, heat and pressure

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21
Q

Name of mechanism when a haloalkane is converted to a nitrile

A

Nucleophilic substitution

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22
Q

Reagent of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an a nitrile

A

KCN

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23
Q

Condition of nucleophilic substitution when a haloalkane is converted to an a nitrile

A

Water and ethanol

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24
Q

Type of reaction when a nitrile is converted to an amine

A

Reduction

25
Q

Reagent/condition of reduction when a nitrile is converted to an amine

A

H2/Nickel catalyst

26
Q

Name of reaction type when a primary alcohol is converted to an aldehyde or carboxylic acid

A

Oxidation

27
Q

Name of reaction type when a secondary alcohol is converted to a ketone

A

Oxidation

28
Q

Reagent of oxidation when a primary/secondary alcohol is converted to an aldehyde, carboxylic acid/ketone

A

K2Cr2O7
H2SO4

29
Q

Conditions of oxidation when a primary alcohol is converted to an aldehyde

A

Distillation

30
Q

Conditions of oxidation when a primary alcohol is converted to a carboxylic acid

A

Reflux, excess oxidising agent

31
Q

Conditions of oxidation when a secondary alcohol is converted to a ketone

A

reflux or distillation

32
Q

Conditions of oxidation when an aldehyde is converted to a carboxylic acid

A

reflux

33
Q

Name of mechanism when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to an alcohol

A

Nucleophilic addition

34
Q

What is the reaction type when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to an alcohol

A

Reduction

35
Q

Reagents of nucleophilic addition when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to an alcohol

A

NaBH4

36
Q

Conditions of nucleophilic substitution when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to an alcohol

A

Acidic solvent

37
Q

Name of mechanism when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to a hydroxyl nitrile

A

Nucleophilic addition

38
Q

Reagent of nucleophilic addition when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to a hydroxyl nitrile

A

KCN and HCl

39
Q

Condition of nucleophilic addition when an aldehyde or ketone is converted to a hydroxyl nitrile

A

Acidic (aqueous ethanolic)

40
Q

Name of reaction when an ester is formed

A

Esterification

41
Q

Reagent/condition of esterification

A

Alcohol and carboxylic acid
Concentrated H2SO4 catalyst

42
Q

What type of ester hydrolysis takes place to produce carboxylic acid and alcohol

A

Acid hydrolysis
Heat + reflux

43
Q

What type of ester hydrolysis takes place to produce a salt (COONa) and alcohol

A

Alkali hydrolysis
warm aqueous NaOH

44
Q

Name of mechanism when acyl chloride is converted to carboxylic acid, an ester, amide and N-substituted amide

A

Nucleophilic Addition-Elimination

45
Q

Nucleophile needed for when acyl chloride is converted to carboxylic acid in nucleophilic addition-elimination

A

Water

46
Q

Nucleophile needed for when acyl chloride is converted to an ester in nucleophilic addition-elimination

A

Alcohol

47
Q

Nucleophile needed for when acyl chloride is converted to an amide in nucleophilic addition-elimination

A

Ammonia

48
Q

Nucleophile needed for when acyl chloride is converted to N-substituted amide in nucleophilic addition-elimination

A

Amine

49
Q

Name of reaction when benzene is converted to nitrobenzene

A

Nitration of benzene

50
Q

Name of mechanism when benzene is converted to nitrobenzene

A

Electrophilic substitution

51
Q

Condition of electrophilic substitution when benzene is converted to nitrobenzene

A

Concentrated H2SO4
Concentrated HNO3

52
Q

Name of reaction when benzene is converted to acyl benzene

A

Electrophilic substitution

53
Q

Condition of electrophilic substitution when benzene is converted to acyl benzene

A

AlCl3 catalyst

54
Q

What is the reaction when nitrobenzene is converted to phenyl amine

A

reduction

55
Q

Reagents/conditions of reduction when nitrobenzene is converted to phenyl amine

A

Concentrated HCl
Sn

56
Q

Conditions when glucose is converted to alcohol

A

Yeast
35 degrees Celsius
No oxygen

57
Q

Reaction type when alkane is converted to CO2 and H2O

A

Combustion

58
Q

Reagents of combustion when alkane is converted to CO2 and H2O

A

O2

Chemistry (28 decks)

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