Mechanism of Action of Diuretics

Question 1

what are the five types of diuretics

Answer 1

• carbonic anhydrase inhibitors
• thiazides
• K sparing diuretics
• osmotic diuretics
• anti-ADH

Question 2

what is acetazolamide, where does it work, and how?

Answer 2

its a diuretics, works on the PCT, its a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor.

Question 3

uses of acetazolamide

Answer 3

glaucoma treatment, alkalisation of urine, metabolic acidosis, mountain sickness

Question 4

side effects of acetazolamide

Answer 4

hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis, the increased ph leads to phosphaturia, calciuria, nephrolithiases, K wasting

Question 5

what are furosemide and ethacrynic acid and where do they work?

Answer 5

they are loop diuretics, and act on the thick ascending limb of henle

Question 6

what are loop diuretics used for

Answer 6

acute pulmonary edema, CHF, fluid retention, acute renal failure, hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, HTN

Question 7

side effects of loop diuretics

Answer 7

hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, hypocalcemia, hypovolemia, ototoxicity, allergic

Question 8

what are thiazides and where do they work

Answer 8

are diuretics they work on DCT

Question 9

osmotic diuretics like mannitol are given in what scenarios

Answer 9

to decrease intracranial and intraocular pressures, prevent anuria in acute renal failure

Question 10

side effects of osmotic diuretics

Answer 10

hyponatremia, HF, nausea