Mechanics of Lung Function / Pulmonary Function Tests

Question 1

what would cause an increased FEV/FVC ratio?

Answer 1

airways tethered open due to fibrotic changes in lung parenchyma

Question 2

restrictive lung disease?

Answer 2

increased fibrotic changes (decreased compliance)

Question 3

obstructive lung disease?

Answer 3

increased compliance

Question 4

compliance = ?

Answer 4

deltaV / deltaP

change in volume over change in pressure

Question 5

compliance and age?

Answer 5

increases with age

Question 6

elasticity and compliance?

Answer 6

inversely related

Question 7

compliance and surfactant?

Answer 7

surfactant makes lung more compliant

Question 8

pulmonary edema and compliance?

Answer 8

lungs are stiffer (loss of surfactant)

therefore, less compliant

Question 9

compliance on pressure volume curve?

Answer 9

decreased slope is less compliant

increased slope is more compliant

Question 10

decreased slope of compliance curve?

Answer 10

decreased compliance, in restrictive diseases

Question 11

asthma

Answer 11

obstructive disease

Question 12

emphysema

Answer 12

obstructive disease

Question 13

dyspnea with aging

Answer 13

will increase compliance

Question 14

pulmonary edema

Answer 14

decreased surfactant, decreased compliance

more RESTRICTIVE

Question 15

three mechanical functions of lungs?

Answer 15

keep alveoli dry
decrease surface tension
increases compliance

Question 16

no surfactant?

Answer 16

wet lungs
less compliant
stiff lung

atelacetasis - collapsed lung

Question 17

decreased in kyphoscoliosis?

Answer 17

decreased chest wall compliance

-skeletal abnormality

Question 18

flattening of diaphragm?

Answer 18

obstructive disease response

Question 19

airway compression?

Answer 19

reduced FEV/FVC ratio

obstructive condition

Question 20

loss of lung architecture?

Answer 20

emphysema

Question 21

airway constriction?

Answer 21

more with asthma

Question 22

expansion of lung tissue (increased volume)

Answer 22

intrapleural pressure decrease

Question 23

increased TLC in emphysema?

Answer 23

compensate for airway resistance

Question 24

emphysema increased FRC?

Answer 24

lung trapping of air

Question 25

decreased FEV/FVC ratio in asthma?

Answer 25

due to airway constriction

Question 26

respiratory rate with restrictive?

Answer 26

increased

Question 27

respiratory rate with obstructive?

Answer 27

decreased

Question 28

can’t get air out of lung?

Answer 28

increased PaCO2

decreased pH

Question 29

FEV 25-75

Answer 29

looking at midpoint of breath

trends like FEV/FVC ratio

Question 30

obstructive

Answer 30

TLC increase

RV increase

Question 31

restrictive

Answer 31

TLC decrease
VC decrease
RV decrease

Question 32

COPD vs. asthma?

Answer 32

both reduced FEV1

COPD - chronic
asthma - episodic

**if bronchodilation improves FEV1, has asthma

Question 33

intrinsic restrictive?

Answer 33

fibrosis

Question 34

extrinsic restrictive?

Answer 34

pleural effusion

Question 35

neuromuscular restrictive?

Answer 35

myasthenia gravis
guillan barre

-muscular weakness

Question 36

reduced lung diffusion?

Answer 36

empyhsema (lower SA)
low in pulmonary fibrosis
low in anema (less Hb)

Question 37

increased lung diffusion?

Answer 37

pulmonary hemorrhage

-bc the blood will take up O2

Question 38

mild, moderate, sever OPD?

Answer 38

mild: 60-70
moderate: 50-60
severe: less than 50