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MSS - RESP Exam 1 > Blood Flow and Metabolism > Flashcards

Blood Flow and Metabolism Flashcards

1
Q

pulmonary artery structure?

A

little smooth muscle

ensures high compliance

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2
Q

pulmonary pressure?

A

lower mean 15mmHg

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3
Q

systemic pressure?

A

high mean 100mmHg

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4
Q

transmural pressure

A

pressure difference between inside and outside of capillaries

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5
Q

as lung expands

A

larger vessels expand

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6
Q

alveolar vessels?

A

subject to changes in alveolar pressure and pressure within in them

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7
Q

extra-alveolar vessels?

A

subject to changes in lung volume (pull of parenchyma)

also, have smooth muscle

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8
Q

pulmonary vascular resistance

A

much lower than systemic

decreases with increased pressure**

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9
Q

two reasons for drop in pulmonary vascular resistance with increased pressure?

A

recruitment and distension**

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10
Q

distension

A

widening of indiviual capillary segments

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11
Q

when do pulmonary capillaries collapse?

A

alveolar pressure exceeds capillary pressure

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12
Q

vasodilators?

A

ACh
isoproterenol
NO
prostacyclins

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13
Q

vasoconstrictors?

A

serotonin
histamine
NE

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14
Q

vascular resistance = ?

A

input P - output P / blood flow

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15
Q

PVR increase?

A
  • high and low long volumes

- alveolar hypoxia (vasoconstriction)

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16
Q

pulmonary vascular resistance falls?

A

with increasing arterial or venous pressure

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17
Q

distribution of blood flow in lung?

A

more to base of lung

  • explained by hydrostatic pressure differences
  • base of lung has higher arterial pressure
18
Q

zone 1 of lung?

A

may be present

  • where the pulmonary arterial pressure falls below alveolar pressure
  • causes capillaries to be squished (no flow)

maybe during severe hemorrhage, or positive pressure ventilation

19
Q

ventilated bu not perfused lung?

A

alveolar dead space

20
Q

venous pressure

A

only has an impact on flow if it exceeds alveolar pressure

aka starling resistor

21
Q

change in pulmonary resistance with change in lung volume?

A

high resistance at high and low volume

high - because increased alveolar resistance
-increased alveolar pressure and stretching of capillary wall

low - extra-alveolar vessels are constricted at lower volumes (increasing resistance)

22
Q

what controls alveolar vasoconstriction?

A

alveolar PO2

ex/ traveling to high altitude (low PiO2)

23
Q

increased lung volume?

A

increased PVR

-lengthening and compression of pulmonary capillaries

24
Q

decreased lung volume?

A

decreased PVR

-compression and loss of traction of extra-alveolar vessels

25
Q

increased pulmonary artery pressure, left atrial pressure, pulmonary blood volume, cardiac output?

A

decreased PVR

-recruitment and distension

26
Q

gravity?

A

decreased PVR

-recruitment and distension (because of hydrostatic effects)

27
Q

increased interstitial pressure?

A

increased PVR

-compression of vessels

28
Q

increased blood viscosity

A

increased PVR

-increased resistance

29
Q

positive pressure ventilation?

A

increased alveolar pressure increases PVR
-compression of alveolar vessels

positive intrapleural pressure increases PVR
-compression of extra-alveolar vessels, decreased in pulmonary blood flow

30
Q

hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction

A

in arterioles of hypoxic area of lung
-smooth muscle contraction

determined by PO2 of ALVEOLAR GAS

31
Q

fluid collection in lungs?

A

first to interstitial
then to alveolar space

determined by starling equation

32
Q

causes of pulmonary edema?

A 
increased hydrostatic pressure
increased capillary permeability
reduced lymph drainage
decreased interstitial pressure
decreased colloid osmotic pressure
33
Q

nitric oxide?

A

endothelium-derived factor

relaxes pulmonary vessels and capillaries

34
Q

norepinephrine?

A

SNS

vasoconstrictor

35
Q

endothelins?

A

constrict pulmonary vessels and capillaries

36
Q

ACE?

A

in lung, converts ANG I to ANG II

37
Q

bradykinin?

A

inactivated by ACE in lung

38
Q

serotonin?

A

inactivated by uptake and storage in lung

39
Q

prostaglandins E1, E2, F2a?

A

inactivated in lung

40
Q

NE?

A

partially taken up in the lung

41
Q

increased cardiac output?

A

pulmonary vascular resistance falls

MSS - RESP Exam 1 (9 decks)

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