Measures Of Control

Question 1

What is control (in terms of disease control)?

Answer 1

The reduction of disease incidence, prevalence, mortality or morbidity to a locally acceptable level

Question 2

What is elimination of a disease?

Answer 2

Reduction to zero incidences of infection in a defined geographical area.

Question 3

What is eradication of disease?

Answer 3

Permenant reduction to zero of the worldwide incidence of infection.

Question 4

What is the only disease that affects humans that has been eradicated?

Answer 4

Smallpox

Question 5

What are the three main measures of disease control?

Answer 5

Surveillance
Vaccination
Strategies to prevent transmission

Question 6

Define communicable disease surveillance.

Answer 6

The continuous, systemic collection, analysis and interpretation of health related data needed for the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practice.

Question 7

What is the aim of communicable disease surveillance?

Answer 7

To act as an early warning system to detect outbreaks
To monitor trends of disease
To evaluate interventions

Question 8

What is a notifiable disease?

Answer 8

Any disease that is required by law to be reported to the government authorities as they are deemed to have significant public health importance thus identification of potential outbreaks is essential.

Question 9

When should a notifiable disease be reported?

Answer 9

As soon is there is clinical suspicion. Accuracy of diagnosis is secondary.

Question 10

What is the aim of vaccination?

Answer 10

Induce immunity both individually for those vaccinated and to provide her immunity.

Question 11

What is herd immunity?

Answer 11

When a sufficiently high proportion of the population is immune against a disease meaning the disease is unable to spread.

Question 12

What are the 4 types of vaccination strategy?

Answer 12

Routine immunisation
Mass vaccination campaigns
Target immunisation campaigns e.g. yearly shingles vaccine for 70-79 year olds
Travel vaccinations

Question 13

How do strategies aim to prevent transmission of disease?

Answer 13

By reducing duration and level of infectious press of cases
Reducing the risk of transmission
Reducing the contact of infected people

Question 14

What are some examples of strategies to reduce risk of disease transmission?

Answer 14

Health promotion
Physical barriers e.g. gloves, condoms
Ventilation
Vector control
Chemoprophylaxis e.g prep

Question 15

What is chemoprophylaxis?

Answer 15

Use of drugs to prevent development of a specific disease

Question 16

How can we reduce contact between infectious and non-infectious people?

Answer 16

By social distancing
Contact tracing
Isolation
Quarantine