Levels of prevention and approaches to health improvement Flashcards
How many main levels of prevention are there?
4
What are the 4 main levels of prevention?
Primordial
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
What is primordial prevention?
Prevention of development of disease risk factors by changing the social and environmental conditions in which the risks develop and identifying and taking action early on in life.
What is primary prevention?
modification of existing risk factors by altering risky behaviours, banning substances associated with disease and protecting from pathogenic disease
What is secondary prevention?
Detecting disease early to minimise the development of symptoms and complications by screening for asymptomatic disease and implementing preventative treatment to reduce reoccurrence
What is tertiary prevention?
Actions to improve QoL and reduce symptoms of an already established disease to minimise impairment and reduce long term impacts.
What are risk factors?
Anything that can cause or increase the likelihood of developing a disease
What factors affect susceptibility to disease?
Genetics
Nutrition
Immunity
Comorbidities
What is the name for the period between disease onset and clinical stage?
The sub clinical stage
What happens in the subclinical stage?
When pathological changes occur leading to symptoms
What are examples of primordial prevention?
Addressing health inequalities like poverty improve sanitation
Educate about prevention
What are examples of primary prevention interventions?
Vaccination
Limiting access e.g. banning smoking
Ensuring safe workplaces e.g. no asbestos
What are examples of secondary prevention?
Screening programmes e.g. breast cancer screening, newborn screening
What are examples of tertiary prevention?
Treatments e.g. medication or surgery
Education e.g. healthy lifestyle
Rehabilitation e.g. physio
