Global health

Question 1

How does public health, international health and global health differ in terms of geographical reach?

Answer 1

Public = focuses on issues affecting population of a particular community or country

International = health issues if a country other than one’s own

Global = focuses on health issues that transcend national boundaries

Question 2

How does public health, international health and global health differ in terms of level of cooperation?

Answer 2

development and implementation of solutions requires…

…Community or national level cooperation in public health

…binational cooperation in international health

…global cooperation in global health

Question 3

How does public health, international health and global health differ in terms of individuals vs population?

Answer 3

Public = population
International = both
Global = both

Question 4

How does public health, international health and global health differ in terms of access of health?

Answer 4

Public = aims to bring health equity to nation or community
International = aims to help people in other nations
Global = aims to ring health equity to all people among nations

Question 5

How does public health, international health and global health differ in terms of range of disciplines?

Answer 5

Public = encourages multidisciplinary approach particularly within health and social sciences
International = embraces a few disciplines
Global = highly interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary within and beyond health sciences

Question 6

What does international health emphasise?

Answer 6

Looks at specific disease and conditions in particular countries other than one’s own.
Focuses on the differences between countries health rather than commonalities.
Often a one way flow of ideas for developmental initiatives e.g. comic relief

Question 7

What does global health emphasise?

Answer 7

Focuses on people across the whole planet rather than the concern of particular nations.
Recognised health is determined by problems/issues/concerns that transcend borders e.g. covid-19
Goes beyond the capacity of individual countries to address the issue thus requires multi disciplinary responses from many countries e.g. WHO

Question 8

What is needed in order to synthesise information for population based preventions globally?

Answer 8

Access to health information on a global context
Political commitment from governments
Ability to track progress towards control/eradication of disease

Question 9

What were the eight millennium development goals developed in 2015?

Answer 9

Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality and empower women
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other communicable disease
Ensure environmental stability
Develop a global partnership for development

Question 10

How many sustainable development goals were there originally? How many

Answer 10

17
169

Question 11

How many people still do not have access to improve drinking water

Answer 11

663 million people

Question 12

How many more people have gained access to improved drinking water since 1990?

Answer 12

2.6 billion people

Question 13

Why are communicable diseases a global health issue?

Answer 13

As they do not recognise national borders and can emerge anywhere in the globe and spread quickly to other regions e.g. covid 19
Local outbreaks have global implications as disrupt travel, trade etc..

Question 14

What is an example of a current issue in global health?

Answer 14

Antimicrobial/antibacterial resistance

Question 15

What are two transitions within health transitions?

Answer 15

Demographic transition happens primarily
Then epidemiologic transition follow

Question 16

What percentage of the world’s one billion smokers live in low and middle income countries?

Answer 16

80%

Question 17

What is one of the top 10 risk factors for global mortality?

Answer 17

Low fruit and veg intake

Question 18

What is the most commonly diagnose cancer globally?

What is the most common cause of cancer death?

Answer 18

Breast
Lung

Question 19

How does incidence of cancer vary in more developed countries compared to less developed countries? How does this compare to mortality rates?

Answer 19

There is almost 2x the amount of cancer cases in more developed countries than less developed cancers however mortality rates are around the same i.e. there is the same number of people dying so a higher percentage of cases of cancer lead to death in less developed countries

Question 20

What are some barriers to the delivery of cancer care?

Answer 20

Delayed diagnosis e.g. due to lack of awareness of signs, limited access to healthcare, timely screening and diagnosis
Delayed/inadequate treatment e.g. access to affordable quality treatments or limited trained health workers to provide the treatment

Question 21

What percentage of cancers are advanced and incurable at the time of diagnosis in sub Saharan Africa?

Answer 21

70-80%

Question 22

What percentage of cancer deaths can be linked back to smoking?

Answer 22

25%

Question 23

What are some of the benefits of hollistic palliative care?

Answer 23

Relives unnecessary physical and psychological suffering
Improves adherence to interventions
Enables patients to participate in family and community life still
Free booths patients and carers to resume work to make a living
Can keep families, and sometimes communities, running
Underpins divinity of patient until their death
Ensures patients and carers are never alone

Question 24

What percentage of people who need palliative care in sub Saharan Africa actually receive it?

Answer 24

5-10%

Question 25

What is a group who are working on improving palatine care in Africa?

Answer 25

African palliative care association