Measles Flashcards
measles was eliminated in the United States in ___, but almost lost its elimination status in ___
2000; 2019
measles is ___ since it is found in other countries
not eradicated
new measles cases are from ___ and usually ___
travel; resolve themselves
lose elimination status after ___
one year
measles virus
1 negative strand of RNA
2 membrane proteins important for pathogenesis
F-fusion and H-hemagglutinin
inactivated easily by ___
heat, sunlight, acidic pH, ether
the H-hemagglutinin binds to the ___ and then the F-fusion will insert into the ___
receptor; membrane
transmission
only in humans; resides in the nose and throat mucus; coughing and sneezing; inhale directly or touch surface; no animal reservoir;
infectious for ___ hours in airspace
2
___ will become infected if not immune
90%
incubation period
7-14 days
sypmtoms
high fever, couch, runny nose, red and watery eyes, Koplik spots inside the mouth, rash, flat red spots on face at hairline, spread down to the rest of body, fever spikes again
contagious
4 days before and 4 days after rash appears
pathogenesis of measles
entry infection of local lymph nodes, systemic dissemination, prodromal, symptomatic, recovery, immune suppression
would have the ___ for other diseases, get measles, and then the ____ for the other diseases are gone
immunity; antibodies
vaccine
live attenuated
measles vaccine ___ cause immune suppression
does not
vaccination numbers death ___ until 2019 when they ___ again
decrease; increase
If the US eliminated measles over 20 years ago, do we need to worry about measles/why does the CDC get involved?
there has been an increasing number of cases that are not just from traveling
what are some current U.S. cases?
prevalent in Minnesota, New Jersey, and Arizona
if almost everyone used to get measles, why does it matter if there are outbreaks now?
contraction of measles can cause the loss of antibodies and decrease effectivity of the immune system. Long term complications after contraction and quality of life can go down
what do people die from?
respiratory and neurological complications
what is the current US vaccination rate for measles?
In 2016 was 90.8%, in 2021 it was 81% of children get 1 dose and 71% get the 2nd dose.
what would give us herd immunity?
95% vaccination rate
how much does the measles vaccine cost?
$23.67 for the CDC and $89.87 for private sectors
what has happened to measles vaccination in the past several years?
COVID-19 stopped some of the measles vaccination, however it also stopped some international travel
where are the current outbreaks in the world?
Afghanistan, Ethiopia, Nigeria, Somalia, Zimbabwe, DCR, and Yemen
diagnosis
throat swab, blood sample, serology, or reverse transcription real time PCR
treatment
no antivirals, vaccine, nutrition and fluid intake, antibiotic for eye and ear infections, vitamin A supplements in developing countries
