Coronavirus

Question 1

what type of virus is coronavirus?

Answer 1

enveloped, positive ssRNA virus

Question 2

an enveloped virus is ___

Answer 2

easier to kill

Question 3

plus strand means ___

Answer 3

messenger RNA is being directly translated for proteins

Question 4

negative strand means ___

Answer 4

the strand cannot be used as messenger RNA. Once the virus gets into the cell, the virus needs to take the negative strand, synthesize the positive strand and then translate

Question 5

4 main subgroups

Answer 5

alpha, beta, gamma, delta

Question 6

human coronaviruses

Answer 6

MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2

Question 7

coronaviruses cause ___

Answer 7

common colds

Question 8

MERS

Answer 8

camels

Question 9

SARS

Answer 9

bats

Question 10

History of the SARS outbreak of 2003

Answer 10

first reported in Feb. 2003, March 2003 issued health alerts and pandemic planning, July 2003 outbreak was contained

Question 11

length of the SARS outbreak of 2003

Answer 11

4 months

Question 12

SARS is a ___

Answer 12

more severe disease

Question 13

SARS death rate

Answer 13

10%

Question 14

coronavirus structure

Answer 14

spike and s protein

Question 15

spike

Answer 15

receptor binding, fusion

Question 16

s protein

Answer 16

for spike; what binds to the cell and allows for entry

Question 17

Coronavirus lifecycle

Answer 17

spike binds to receptor ACE2, the virus gets endocytosed; the spike that triggers fusion, the virus, and the endoscope membrane fuse to let out the RNA. The plus strand gets translated. The long protein chain is then cleaved by proteases to get the individual proteins. The proteins then go to the ER, they get assembled, and then are released

Question 18

TMPRSS2

Answer 18

membrane spanning protease; can cleave proteins; imbedded in membrane; will help cleave spike and therefore can fuse at the cell surface, so it will evade the lysosome and not go through endocytosis

Question 19

SARS CoV uses

Answer 19

endosomal entry

Question 20

SARS CoV2 uses

Answer 20

plasma membrane fusion

Question 21

ACE2 and TMPRSS2 is on ____

Answer 21

the host cell

Question 22

virus and host cell membrane fuses ___ TMPRSS2 enzyme ___ the spike protein

Answer 22

after; cuts

Question 23

the exposed ___ amino acids in the spike rapidly embed themselves in ___

Answer 23

hydrophobic; nearest membrane (host cell)

Question 24

spikes that go to the cell membrane and end up fusing multiple cells together is called ___

Answer 24

syncytia

Question 25

syncytia is more common in ___

Answer 25

SARS CoV2

Question 26

syncytia is used to ___

Answer 26

help evade the immune system

Question 27

In SARS CoV a person wasn't contagious until they ___; only had to be ___ feet apart; and was ___ spread by aerosols

Answer 27

had bad symptoms; 3; not

Question 28

SARS CoV2 is contagious ___ the start of symptoms; have to be ___ feet apart; is spread mostly by ___

Answer 28

before; 6; aerosols

Question 29

SARS CoV and MERS is more in the

Answer 29

lungs

Question 30

SARS CoV2 and H1N is more in the

Answer 30

bronchus