Influenza

Question 1

influenza is a

Answer 1

negative ssRNA enveloped virus

Question 2

incubation period

Answer 2

1-4 days

Question 3

people are contagious ___ day(s) before symptoms and up to ___ day(s) after developing symptoms

Answer 3

1; 5-7

Question 4

four types of influenza:

Answer 4

a,b,c,d

Question 5

influenza a

Answer 5

most virulent to humans; many types

Question 6

influenza b

Answer 6

almost exclusively humans; some seals and ferrets

Question 7

influenza c

Answer 7

humans, dogs, pigs

Question 8

influenza D

Answer 8

cows

Question 9

Influenza A subtypes

Answer 9

H1N1 and H5N1

Question 10

influenza b lineages

Answer 10

Victoria and yamagata

Question 11

influenza is classified by

Answer 11

HA and NA; then by subtype

Question 12

HA

Answer 12

receptor binding, membrane fusion

Question 13

NA

Answer 13

viral release cleaves sialic acids, probably a role in viral entry

Question 14

influenza replication cycle

Answer 14

the HA binds to the receptor 2,3 or 2,6 (human)-sialic acids. The virus gets endocytosed, pH of fusion occurs, then the RNA gets imported into the nucleus. It is synthesized and then replicated, then is assembled at the cell membrane. The 8 segments of RNA are entered into the virus and are then cleaved by budding

Question 15

who should get the vaccine and when?

Answer 15

people 65 and older; once a season in September or October

Question 16

Can individuals with egg allergies get the vaccine?

Answer 16

Can get vaccinated with egg allergy

Question 17

what is the composition of this year’s influenza vaccine?

Answer 17

4 viruses, 2 AS (H1N1 and H3N1) and 2 BS (1 of each)

Question 18

can one get an influenza vaccine and a COVID-19 booster in the same visit?

Answer 18

Yes, at the same time as long as you are qualified for both and supposed to get on different arms

Question 19

what type of influenza vaccine should those 65+ get?

Answer 19

a high dose vaccine

Question 20

what are some complications in children from flu?

Answer 20

more severe infections

Question 21

what is the special instruction for children 6mo-8yrs?

Answer 21

get 2 doses

Question 22

what is flu vaccination by jet injector?

Answer 22

a needleless vaccine that shoots vapors through the skin

Question 23

who should not get the nasal spray vaccine?

Answer 23

those immunocompromised, have asthma, those pregnant

Question 24

how is the recombinant flu vaccine made?

Answer 24

they are created synthetically. They obtain the gene with the instructions for creating a surface protein (HA) found on the influenza virus. This protein triggers the immune system so antibodies are released and target the virus. It is then combined with a baculovirus which helps transport the instructions for making the HA antigen into a host cell. Once it enters a host cell it instructs the cells to rapidly produce the HA antigen

Question 25

influenza can jump from species to species in one of three ways

Answer 25

direct jump, adaptation, and reassortment

Question 26

direct jump

Answer 26

animal to person

Question 27

adaptation

Answer 27

other animals can infect other animals and mutate

Question 28

reassortment

Answer 28

can have cells with multiple viruses and reassort to a new virus

Question 29

H5N1 disease symptoms

Answer 29

severe respiratory illness, neurological changes, 53% death

Question 30

H5N1

Answer 30

more in the lower respiratory; uses 2,3-SA; spreads slowly; often fatal

Question 31

H1N1

Answer 31

typically upper respiratory; uses 2,6-SA; easily spread; rarely fatal

Question 32

bird flu is normally spread through ___

Answer 32

direct contact

Question 33

the search for a universal vaccine

Answer 33

peak 2-4 weeks, decrease by 50%, stable for 2-3 years

Question 34

new universal candidate

Answer 34

inactivated avian; 2 doses

Question 35

co-infections

Answer 35

detected at the same time (not sure)

Question 36

secondary infections

Answer 36

usually a person got infected after the first (detect)

Question 37

superinfection

Answer 37

definitely have the first and then got the second (negative then got at a different date)

Question 38

for secondary and confections

Answer 38

morbidity and mortality rates increase

Question 39

influenza secondary bacterial infection is commonly ____ of ____

Answer 39

streptococcus pneumoniae; haemophilus influenzae

Question 40

streptococcus pneumoniae is spread by

Answer 40

person to person

Question 41

SP symptoms

Answer 41

fever, pneumonia, meningitis, hearing loss, brain damage

Question 42

SP vaccine

Answer 42

<2 or >65; other health conditions

Question 43

haemophilus influenzae symptoms

Answer 43

middle ear infections, sinus infections, bronchitis, pneumonia, meningitis