Measles

Question 1

How is measles virus transmitted?

Answer 1

Respiratory droplet
Air and direct contact
Can stay on surfaces for hours

Question 2

Who is at risk of measles?

Answer 2

Unvaccinated
Overcrowding
Interruptions to routine vaccinations
LMIC
Places with war

Question 3

What are the features of measles?

Answer 3

Maculopapular rash starting behind ears
Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza
Kopliks spots

Immunosuppression
Encephalitis
Blindness

Question 4

How do you diagnose measles?

Answer 4

RT-PCR
IgM and IgG
Virus isolation

Question 5

How do you treat measles?

Answer 5

Supportive care
Two vitamin A doses for children
Antibiotics for secondary bacterial infections

Question 6

How can measles lead to blindness?

Answer 6

Vitamin A deficiency

HSV retinitis

Question 7

What are the ophthalmic stages of vitamin A deficiency?

Answer 7

Night blindness
Conjunctival xerosis
Bitots spots
Keratomalacia
Corneal scars

Question 8

How do you prevent measles?

Answer 8

Vaccinate!
2 doses, first dose at 9 months, 2nd at 2 yrs. Additional dose can be as early as 6 months.
Outbreak response vaccination
Education

Question 9

What are the main complications of measles?

Answer 9

Diarrhoea and pneumonia

Neurological complications - measles inclusion body encephalitis

Question 10

When are people with measles contagious?

Answer 10

4 days before rash appears and 4days after

Question 11

What are the features of a measles outbreak response?

Answer 11

Epidemiological surveillance (case registration and data analysis)
Outbreak management committee
Patient management
Vaccination
Public information