Meadows Flashcards
Reflect problems with free water handling, not excessive intake or deficiencies
Sodium
Hyponatremia
Less than 135
Hypernatremia
More than 145
Too little free water
Hypernatremia
For hypernatremia, values less than _____ are not clinically significant
150
With __________, most patients are elderly or chronically ill and lack access to water
Hypernatremia
Pt weak and thirsty. Tachycardia, low BP. Poor skin turgor. Dry mucus membranes
Hypernatremia
For diagnosis of _____, measure urine osmolality
Hypernatremia
Will have concentrated urine in an effort to conserve water
Hypernatremia
Have Hypernatremia and dilute urine
Diabetes insipidus (absence of ADH)
Unstable pt should be given IV fluids to get BP stable
Hypernatremia
Correct Hypernatremia over
48 hours
Too much free water
Hyponatremia
Usually no symptoms or findings.
But with levels less than ______ see nausea, fatigue, confusion, headache, and neurological deficits.
Check overall volume status.
Hyponatremia
120.
Divides causes into hypo, eu, and hypervolemic
Hyponatremia
Surrogate for ADH activity
Urine osmolality
Surrogate for volume status
Urine Na
Osmolality ______, maximally concentrated urine with ADH
High
Osmolality __, maximally dilute urine. ADH absent
Low
Cause from diuretics and volume loss
Hypovolemic - Hyponatremia
Caused from SIADH
Euvolemic - Hyponatremia
Caused by CHF, cirrhosis, and nephrotic syndrome
Hypervolemic - Hyponatremia
_________ causes Hyponatremia, but ______ do not
Thiazide.
Loops.
Person with small cell cancer ectopically produces
ADH
__________ likely to get neurological damage from over correction of Hyponatremia
Pre-menopausal females
Major extracellular cation
Sodium
