ABG

Question 1

Normal blood pH

Answer 1

7.4

Question 2

Difference in sums of strong (or abundant) cations and anions. Should approximate Bicarb

Answer 2

Stewart’s strong ion difference

Question 3

If you infuse person with acid

Answer 3

They start breathing more deeply and more rapidly, kussmal breathing

Question 4

Protein metabolism produces

Answer 4

Phosphorus and sulfur

Question 5

PCO2, PO2, and pH

Answer 5

Directly measured

Question 6

O2 sat and Bicarb

Answer 6

Calculated

Question 7

Renal compensation takes up to

Answer 7

72 hrs

Question 8

Multiple acid/base problems in same person.

Answer 8

Diabetic ketoacidosis

Question 9

Ketones make

Answer 9

Acidosis

Question 10

Throwing up cause

Answer 10

Alkalosis

Question 11

Normal anion gap

Answer 11

4-12

Question 12

_______ anion gap suggests presence of unmeasured anion that shouldn’t be there

Answer 12

High

Question 13

Due to accumulation of ketones or lactic acid. Poisoning with ethylene glycol

Answer 13

High anion gap

Question 14

Sedatives and neurological disorders can prevent

Answer 14

Reflexive compensation

Question 15

Determined by levels of carbonic acid and Bicarb in plasma

Answer 15

Blood pH

Question 16

Treat with insulin and fluids

Answer 16

Ketoacidosis

Question 17

Product of cellular metabolism

Answer 17

CO2

Question 18

Product of protein catabolism

Answer 18

Titrable acid

Question 19

Excretes titrable acid

Answer 19

Kidney

Question 20

H secretion into collecting duct (in presence of aldosterone) with proton trapping in urine

Answer 20

Kidneys. Titrable acid.

Question 21

Blows off volatile CO2

Answer 21

Lungs

Question 22

Cannot compensate for massive acid load

Answer 22

Kidneys

Question 23

Fall in pH activates ______ and ______ causing increased respiratory rate and tidal volume

Answer 23

Peripheral arterial and central chemoreceptors

Question 24

Occurs in seconds and can respond to large acid load

Answer 24

Pulmonary compensation

Question 25

Acidemia from accumulation of titrable acid will affect ___ and trigger ______

Answer 25

CO2. Pulmonary response.

Question 26

Addition of acidic substance that can't be excreted

Answer 26

Metabolic acidosis

Question 27

Hypoventilation

Answer 27

Respiratory acidosis

Question 28

Hyperventilation

Answer 28

Respiratory alkalosis

Question 29

Anion gap only seen with

Answer 29

Metabolic acidosis

Question 30

Lactic acidosis, ketoacidosis, loss of Bicarb, ingested toxins

Answer 30

Metabolic acidosis

Question 31

Loss of Bicarb

Answer 31

Metabolic acidosis

Question 32

Diabetic, alcohol, starvation

Answer 32

Ketoacidosis

Question 33

Diarrhea and renal failure can cause

Answer 33

Loss of Bicarb

Question 34

Ethylene glycol, methanol, Salicylates

Answer 34

Metabolic acidosis

Question 35

Non anion gap metabolic acidosis due to Bicarb loss usually caused by

Answer 35

Renal failure or diarrhea

Question 36

Anion gap elevation should be similar to decrease in

Answer 36

Bicarb