Me. 2.6 Retrieving Memories Flashcards
the process of accessing information
stored in memory.
Memory retrieval
Remembering information without cues.
Example: Answering a short-answer question on an exam from memory.
Recall
Identifying information using retrieval cues.
Example: Recognising the correct answer in a multiple-choice question.
Recognition
Cues gained when encoding memories like surroundings or mood that help us remember that information.
Retrieval Cues
the memory of people, words, and events encountered or experienced in the past.
Retrospective memory
remembering to perform delayed intentions at an appropriate time or event in the future.
Prospective memory
The activation, often unconsciously, of particular associations in memory. Influences you consciously and predisposes your decisions.
Priming
Retrieval is more effective when
in the same environment where the information was encoded.
Example: Studying in the same room where you will take the test can help improve recall
Context-Dependent Memory
retrieval is more effective
when in the same physical state as during encoding
Example: If you learned something while angry, you might recall it better when angry again
State-Dependent Memory
Retrieval is enhanced when
in the same mood as when the information was encoded
Example: Remembering happy memories more easily when you are in a good mood
Mood-Congruent Memory
Awareness and understanding of
one’s own thought processes can improve memory
Example: Reflecting on what study methods work
best for you and adjusting strategies accordingly
Metacognition
Frequent testing of learned
material improves long-term retention
Example: Self-quizzing on study material rather than just re-reading notes repeatedly
Testing Effect
Mixing up topics of study to allow more retrieval practise
Interlearning
