Me 2.1b Perception: Perceptual Organisation and Interpretation Flashcards
A way people organise their visual sensation so that every piece of information is integrated into one meaningful whole.
Gestalt
To make something stand out from the background.
Figure and Ground
Organising stimuli into coherent groups allowing us to form reality. Similar objects and objects that are close in proximity to each other.
Grouping (in perception)
A laboratory device for testing depth perception in infants and young animals.
Visual Cliff
Through biology/evolution and learning
How is depth perception gained?
A depth cue such as retinal disparity depending on the use of two eyes. Used when viewing close objects
Binocular Cues
The inward movement of both eyes toward each other as an object moves closer to the viewer, allowing the brain to perceive the object’s distance. The degree of convergence helps estimate how near or far an object is.
Convergence
Each eye receives a slightly different image of the world and the brain computes the difference between two objects. (Binocular cue)
Retinal disparity
Depth cues available to each eye separately. Uses brain to interpret.
Monocular cues
If two objects are similar in size, we will view the smaller thing (from our knowledge) to be further from us. (Monocular cues)
Relative size
Further objects are seen more hazily
(Monocular cues)
Relative Clarity
Closer things have more texture when seen. (Monocular cues)
Texture gradient
parallel lines seem to meet in the distance. (Monocular cues)
Linear perspective
When objects block part of another object, we view the object doing the blocking as closer. (Monocular cues)
Interposition
The assumption that shrinking objects move away and enlarging objects are coming nearer. Also stop motion
How does motor perception work?
An illusion of motion when rapidly seeing a series of slightly varying images. —>stop motion
Stroboscopic movement
An illusion of movement created when two or more adjacent lights blink on and off in quick succession
Phi phenomenon
a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move
Autokinetic effect
Perceiving objects as unchanging
Perceptual constancy
We perceive familiar objects as having consistent colour, even under
varying lighting conditions.
Colour constancy
We perceive an object as having a constant shape, even when its angle
of view changes.
Shape constancy
We perceive an object as having a constant size, even when its distance
from us changes.
Size constancy
We perceive an object to have the same brightness even if the illumination changes
Brightness Constancy
A critical period allows animals to learn to perceive the world.
When is it essential to learn to perceive?
People can adapt to a different sensory input after a while.
Perceptual adaptation
