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PSYCH 345A Final > MDMA Lecture Slides pg. 339- 342 > Flashcards

MDMA Lecture Slides pg. 339- 342 Flashcards

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1
Q

ecstasy is cocktail and where MDMA is the?

A 
active ingredient 
( when we have a cocktail we dont know what the effect is from)
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2
Q

phenethylamine also known as methylated amphetamine is exhibits characteristics of? and functionally looks like? and structurally looks like?

A

stimulant and psychedelic properties

- functionally like amphetamine and structurally like mescaline

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3
Q

what company patented and created MDMA?

- in 1970 it replaced what in the streets until when?

A

Merck Pharmaceuticals

- LSD and MDA until 1985

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4
Q

how is the intake method? and how long does it last?

A
  • ingestion

- 30/60 min onset –> 3.5 hours

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5
Q

MDMA is highly?

A

lipid soluble

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6
Q

the metabolite of MDMA is? and is also psychoactive. this contributes to what?

A

MDA

- the longer lasting high time (6-8hrs)

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7
Q

10% of Caucasians and asian don’t have what?

- what does this lead to?

A

the enzyme responsible for metabolism of MDMA

= prolonged effects and toxicity

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8
Q

what also inhibits the enzyme responsible for decomposing MDMA? why is this problematic?

A

SSRI’s

- if your on anti depressants and take MDMA it can kill you

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9
Q

what are the 4 steps to potential mechanisms of MDMA?

A
  1. Step 1a: competitive reuptake inhibitor
  2. Step 2a: leaky vesicles
  3. Step 3a: agonist to 5HT1 and 5HT2 receptor
  4. Step B: MAO-A inhibitor
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10
Q

on low doses of MDMA you get leaky vesicles of what? compared to high doses when you get leaky vesicles of?

A
  • serotonin
  • serotonin and dopamine
    (effects on DA are weaker than on serotonin)
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11
Q

step 3a of MDMA facilitates the release of? suggesting involvement of ?

A

oxytocin (warm fizzy feelings)

- limbic system

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12
Q

the sympathomimetic effects of MDMA are ? - like

–> they have what kind of onset?

A

amphetamine like

- sudden and extreme

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13
Q

name the sympathomimetic acute effects of MDMA

A
  • LOC, brain hemorrhaging, erratic heart rate, and the club scene (hypothermia, dehydration – organ failure, kidney failure, muscle breakdown and blood clot)
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14
Q

what are the psychological (empathogenic) effects of MDMA

A

increased emotional warmth/ empathy, lowered defensiveness, increased verbal behaviour

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15
Q

during the empathogenic effects, there is mild ? due to oxytocin. (whose more susceptible)
– they have what kind of effects?

A
  • euphoria
  • females
  • rapid and extreme (paranoia, panic, delirium, hallucinations)
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16
Q

an MDMA overdose is typified by?

A

impulsive irrational behaviour

17
Q

what is “suicide tuesday” referring to?

- when does it occur?

A
  • subacute negative side effects. depression and lethargy, similar to MDD
  • occurs within 24hours and lasts for 1 week
18
Q

2 subacute negative side effects of MDMA

A
  • suicide tuesday

- sleep disturbances

19
Q

2 chronic/ post withdrawal negative side effects of MDMA

A
  • substance induced paranoid psychosis

- selective serotonergic neurotoxin

20
Q

temporary state of “false yet feasible beliefs” of threat or danger to the individual
–> this is what?

A

substance induced paranoid psychosis

21
Q

-Relapse of pre-existing illness (Schizophrenia, bi-polar)
– Lower seizure threshold
– With chronic use, (small) elevated risk for triggering psychotic disorders
—> these are what?

A

due to selective serotonergic paranoid psychosis

in individuals with serotonin based disorders, relapse in pre existing symptoms

22
Q

describe the tolerance of MDMA

– effects wear off after?

A
  • diminished effects after first 7 uses
  • serotonin receptor down regulation and less serotonin release
  • -> 1 year of abstinence
23
Q

tolerance occurs due to what factors?

A
  • physiological factors (no withdrawal behaviours)

- psychological dependence has not been documented

24
Q

what is the problem with dependence?

A
  • whats in MDMA may not be MDMA
25
Q

MDMA users show poorer performance in what?

A

implicit memory, simple recall, semantic clustering, word pairs

  • -> any task requiring self generating strategies, and deficits when strategies explicitly provided
  • -> long term deficits in long term memory
26
Q

MDMA users show decreased ability to?

A

recognize fear, anger, unhappy facial expressions

PSYCH 345A Final (5 decks)

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