LSD Lecture Slides Flashcards
what is LSD synthesized from?
- what is this used for?
alkaloid - ergoline (fungus)
—> toxic, used to reduce bleeding / increase contractions
what was synthesized in 1943 from ergoline?
- what is this similar too?
- what was its street name?
LSD Indole?
- serotonin
- “acid”
LSD and indole, are very volatile. what does this mean?
- water soluble, oxidation resistant, photosensitivity resistant,
LSD is highly potent, what #ug?
and what are the sympathomimetic symptoms?
- 50-150ug
- increased BP and Heart rate
what are the time periods for onset, plateau and peak of the process of LSD ?
onset: 30 min
plateau: 30min- 2 hours
peak: 3-5 hours
describe the onset phase
no physiological effects, sensation of relaxation “release of tension”
describe the plateau phase
- “images” with eyes closed
- synaesthesia
- perception of multiple level reality
- distorted (exaggerated/strange) visual input
- -> locus coeruleus/ visual cortex
describe the peak phase
- emotion/ panic swings
- feeling of timeliness
- disembodiment of “ego-disintegration”
- -> prefrontal cortex
the effects of LSD are similar to what what NT does in the visual cortex?
serotonin
are the effects of LSD agonism or antagonism?
agonism
what happens in the visual cortex?
decreased activity of 5HT1a and 5HT2a in the occipital lobe = disruption of object completion (seeing the full triangle)
what happens in the locus coeruleus with serotonin?
- what does this result in?
metabotropic receptors of serotonin 5HT2a inhibit other serotonin receptors, excite 2a receptors on glutamate1 and GABA2. (GABA shuts down activity of other activation so images can be more specific)
- -> increased sensory signals
- -> decreased spontaneous signals (noise) (refined signals)
what happens with glutamate?
induces glutamate release int he cerebral cortex, glutamate is excitatory and thus facilitates reinterpretations of sensory info (explains why perception is altered/illusion)
what is james lang theory?
interaction between DA and serotonin explains psychotic actions (things get scary). FIRST YOUR EMOTIONS, THEN YOUR COGNITION
explain the tolerance of LSD
is there cross tolerance with anything?
- acute (some say tachyphylaxis)
- potentially dangerous as it facilitates taking more= toxicity
- cross tolerance with others in the tryptamine family (shrooms, DMT)
explain dependence of LSD
no physical dependence, but potentially psychologically dependence.
- not an easy high, 8 hours, exhausting, pleasant and terrifying
does the user control the trip?
NO. the trip controls the user! bad smelly jackson. dont do drugs.
what is the physiological effect of toxicity?
- myadrasis: chronic pupil dialation
what is the psychological effects of toxicity? (2)
- serotonic syndrome: accumulation of excess serotonin in the CNS
= cognitive, autonomic (physiological but brain derived), and somatic symptoms - hallucinogen persisting perception disorder (HPPD)
what are the cognitive, autonomic, and somatic symptoms of serotonic syndrome?
- cog: hypomania, confusion, hallucinations
- autonomic: sweating, hyperthermia, vasoconstriction, tachycardia
- somatic: tremor, myoclonus
what is hallucinogen persisting perception disorder?
- re experiencing symptoms from the bad trip, when sober.
- -> chronic, mostly visual, or episodic (all sensory)
- -> triggered by environment
what did the national survey of drug use declare about the long term effect of LSD?
- no differences in rates or onsets of the 11 indicators of mental health problems when compared to controls.
- ppl blame psychedelics for everything that happens in their lives (correlation NOT causation)
- -> and HPPD has been found in non drug users as well
