Hallucinogens in General

Question 1

positive and negative connotation of hallucinogens

Answer 1

• positive: psychedelic (mind expanding), entheogenic (generating the devine within)
• negative: Psychotomimetic (having the appearance of psychosis), Psychodysleptic/Psycholytic (mind disrupting/mind dissolving)

Question 2

a chemical that induces perceptions of something that does not exists in the environment

Answer 2

operationalization

Question 3

what are the 2 problems of operationalization of hallucinogens

Answer 3

1. Problem: most hallucinogens do not create hallucination, but distort reality. – Should be referred to as “illusionigenic”
2. Problem: many drugs can induce hallucinations/illusions (i.e. stimulant psychosis) – Solution: differentiate between primary effect and toxic effect

Question 4

categorical distinction of hallucinogens based on what?

Answer 4

A: Psychological effects: 
1. psychedelics 
2. dissociatives 
3. deliriants 
B: Structural similarity to NT 
C: legal status

Question 5

reducing valve”; subjective feeling that the brain’s filter is being disabled by the drug

Answer 5

psychedelics

Question 6

Physical “numbing” ; analgesia, amnesia, anesthesia • Psychological detachment
–> derealization and depersonalization

Answer 6

dissociative

Question 7

perception of dream like state or unreal (will remember)

Answer 7

derealization

Question 8

detached or removed from body (will not remember)

Answer 8

depersonalization

Question 9

Confusion, inability to control behaviour, sometimes rage Problem: toxic, dehydration, mydriasis (pupil dilation

Answer 9

deliriant

Question 10

what hallucinogens are structurally similar to serotonin?

Answer 10

LSD, DMT

Question 11

what hallucinogens are structurally similar to norepinephrine ?

Answer 11

Ecstasy, Mescaline

Question 12

what hallucinogens are structurally similar to acetylcholine?

Answer 12

Scopolamine

Question 13

what hallucinogens have no structural similarity to NT?

Answer 13

PCP, Ketamine, Slavia

Question 14

hallucinogens are schedule ? meaning?

Answer 14

III, legal to possess with prescription of license, illegal to produce or traffic
(peyote (flower) is legal)

Question 15

explain a hallucination

Answer 15

sensory distortion all visual, auditory and smell taste touch (synethesia: crossing of sensory modality)

Question 16

explain the process of hallucination

Answer 16

stage 1: visual images (first eyes closed then open)

stage 2: meaningful images of people, animals,places