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MSRA > MCQ Bank 1 > Flashcards

MCQ Bank 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Tension headache

A

last 30 mins - 7 days
N&V does NOT occue
sometimes photophobia or photophobia

management:
keep a headache diary
physiotherapy can help
if >2 days may consider prophylaxis treatment of amitryptilline/ CBT/ TENS

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2
Q

russells sign

A

knuckle calluses from induced vomiting in anorexia

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3
Q

ESR in anorexia

A

usually normally –> if high suspect other diagnosis

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4
Q

POP :
how long is it before each is late?

A

3 HOURS FOR ALL

other than desogestrel = 12 hours
and drospiernone (DRSP)= 24 hours

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5
Q

main advantage of POP

A

can be used when COCP contraindicated

(BUT smaller margin of error and IRREGULAR Bleeding more common)

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6
Q

some disadvantages of POP

A

increased ovarian cysts
increased breast cancer
suceptible to enzyme inducers (as COCP)

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7
Q

Defence mechanisms:
compensation

A

compensating with one aspect of life due to another not working

e.g. becoming good at job due to problems at home

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8
Q

Defence mechanisms: displacement

A

taking something out on a less threatening recipient

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9
Q

Defence mechanisms: identification

A

make youself like someone else to fit in/ be liked

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10
Q

Defence mechanisms: conversion

A

physical symptoms with no physical cause (functional neurologic symptom

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11
Q

Defence mechanisms:
- denial
- regression

A

DENIAL- dismiss external reality and focus on internal explanations to avoid uncomfortable situation

REGRESSION- regressing back to childhood behaviours e..g bed wetting

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12
Q

Defence mechanisms:
- identification
- projection

A
  • IDENTIFICATION: reproducing behaviours observed in others
  • PROJECTION: accusing someone else of what you’ve done
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13
Q

Defence mechanisms: splitting

A

all or none thinking - fail to recognise both positive and negative aspects

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14
Q

Defence mechanisms: schizoid fantasy

A

making own imagination an escape

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15
Q

Defence mechanisms: anticipation

A

anticipating problems before they arise

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16
Q

Defence mechanisms: isolation of affect

A

not showing emotion e.g. house burnt down describing it in factual way

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17
Q

Defence mechanisms: intellectualization

A

pattern of over analysing –> disctance yourself from your emotions e.g. someone diagnosed with terminal illness so you become expert in it

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18
Q

Who to treat for influenza?
treatment? (1)
what is the vaccine options kids vs adults ? (2)

A

oseltamivir and zanamivir

high risk adults

vaccine:
adults IM (inactivateD)
lchildren oral live attenuated INTRANASAL spray

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19
Q

contraindications influenza vaccine

A

EGG allergy

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20
Q

lupus anticoagulant and miscarriages

A

antiphospholipid syndrome (does not mean SLE!)

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21
Q

urge incontience:
what to warn patients about drug treatment

A

anticholinergics
take up to 4 weeks to work
A/w dry mouth, constipation, blurred vision

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22
Q

After anticholinergics what other treatment can be tried for urge incontiennce

A

mirabegron

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23
Q

TB management

A

RIPE: rifampicin, isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol for 2 months

followed by rifampicin and isoniazid (RI) for 10 months

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24
Q

when to consider antidepressants

A

Hx of moderate or severe depression
>2years depression
mild depression complications the care of chronic health problem

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25
Q

causes binasal hemianopia

A

congenital hydrocephalus

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26
Q

homonoymous hemianopia in both eyes

A

DEFECT BHEIND THE OPTIC chiasm
e.g. stroke , trauma, tumor, infection, surgery

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27
Q

pulseless VT vs VT

A

pulseless –> unsynchronised defibrillation

VT with pule –> synchronised cardioversion

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28
Q

Small cell lung cancer vs squamous cell lung cancer

A

SMALL CELL:
- cushings (ectopic ACTH)
- SIADH (ADH)
- Lambert Eaton syndrome

SQUAMOUS CELL
- PTHrP

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29
Q

superficial vs deep dyspaneuria

A

Superficial:
inception, vaginal atrophy, perineal repair, poor sexual stimulation

Deep:
- PID, endometriosis, adenomyosis, cervicitis, prolapsed ovaries

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30
Q

Uterine prolapse:

A

1st degree= cervix within vagina
2nd degree= cervix comes through introits
3rd degree= entirely outside

cystocele= bladder= hold back posterior wall and anterior vagianl wall will come through
rectocele= hold back anterior wall and posterior will come through

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31
Q

ABPM vs HBPM

A

ABPM measures 14x during day and takes average

HBPM= 2 consecutive measurements 2x / days

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32
Q

appendicitis in pregnancy: where is pain and how to detect

A

POLYMORPHONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTES >80%

1st trimeters= Right lower quadrant
2nd= umbilicus
3rd= RUQ

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33
Q

when to put in recovery position seizure

A

AFTER The seizure
no need to always call ambulance if known epileptic

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34
Q

COPD oral corticosteroids

A

30mg prednisolone

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35
Q

COPD 1st choice Abx

A

amoxicillin

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36
Q

Pseudomonas aerguinosa=

A

Cystic fibrosis. - green coloured sputum

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37
Q

red currant jelly sputum pneumonia

A

Klebsiella

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38
Q

antepartum haemorrhage immediately after artificial ROM is suggestive of

A

vasa previa

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39
Q

baby blues: when do they occur

A

3-5th day postpartum –> 10th day

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40
Q

PCOS bloods

A

increased LH, LH:FSH (FHS normal)
testosterone levels increased, oestriol decreased

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41
Q

PCOS management

A

weight
COC pill
metformin (off licence) –> SECONDARY CARE ONLY
orlistat (weight loss)

if infertility a problem:
clomifene
metformin
laproscopic ovarian drilling or gonadotrophin (2nd line)

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42
Q

vitamin d in pregnancy dose

A

10 micrograms

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43
Q

ADHD when must Sx be present before

A

12 years

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44
Q

secondary vs primary PPH

A

secondary = >24hr after delivery

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45
Q

causes secondar PPH

A

retained products
displacement blood lot
infection
abnormal involution of placental site
choriocarcinoma

–> GIVE ABC

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46
Q

eclampsia

A

1+ CONVULSIONS superimposed on pre-eclampsia:

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47
Q

HELLP syndrome

A

haemolysis
EL elevated liver enzymes
LP low platelets

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48
Q

Vincents angina

A

a bacterial infection that causes inflammation of the tonsils and pharynx, also known as pharyngitis and tonsillitis. It’s caused by a combination of two types of bacteria, fusiform and spirochaetes, which is sometimes called a “fusospirochaetal” infection.

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49
Q

oesophageal spasm - symptoms?
management?

A

elderlly women
severe, central crushing retrosternal pain
gripping, pressing, stabbing pain

GLOBUS/ food regurgitation of food

–> corkscrew oesophagus (multiple simulateonousa oesophageal contractions)

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50
Q

oesophageal spasm managemnet

A

conservative
avoid hot/cold good

muscle relaxants –> isosorbide mononitrate and nifedipine and PPI

surgical: endoscopic balloon dilation of gastrooesophagela spincter

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51
Q

cluster headache management PROPHLYAXIS

A

prednisolone and verapamil

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52
Q

gravida vs parity

A

gravida= number pregnancies

parity= X+Y (X= number of pregnancies >24 weeks, Y= number <24weeks)

Whereby twins in X count as ONE (as 1 pregnancy)

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53
Q

dementia with Lewy bodies Vs Parkinsons - how quickly do symptoms develop

A

<1 year of each other = Lewy body

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54
Q

how long off work post STEMI

A

2 months for most jobs

1 month for sex

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55
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

lethal inhalation of anaesthesia or succinylcholine

genetic susceptibility

Sx:
- muscle rigidity, tachycardia, hyperaemia, mixed metabolic and reparatory acidosis

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56
Q

anticholinergic syndrome

A

caused by atropine or TCAs

–> confusion, restlessness, picking up objects imaginary, hot, dry skin, flushed appearance, myiasis, tachycardia, decreased bowel sounds, cardiovascular toxicity

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57
Q

neuroleptic malignna syndrome

A

dopamine antagonists e.g. antipsychotics, metocloparmide

–> hyperaemia, muscle rigidity, altered mental status, CK raised

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58
Q

when to not start antidepressants

A

during mania

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59
Q

organism spread by water sources e.g. air conditions/ hot tubs (1)
how diagnosed (1)

A

Legionella - gram -ve intracellular aerobic coccobacilli

(nothing specific on clinical presentation different from other pneumonias -> needs cultures!)
—> URINARY ANTIGEN

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60
Q

prion disease

A

fatal neurodegenerative diseases

  • progressive dementia
  • motor dysfunction

can have behavioural changes, myoclonus, visual disturbances, movement problems, incoordination

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61
Q

when are DOACs not recommended

A

antiphotosphilpid syndrome
prosthetic heart vales
pregnant/breastfeeding
severe hepatic impariemnt
eGFR <30, avoid if < 15

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62
Q

when to use warfarin over DOAC (3)

A

> 120kg
eGFR <30
significant liver dysfunction

(use DOAC where possible as in general they have less likely to cause major bleeding)

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63
Q

COCP reduces risk of what cancers

A

ovarian
endometrial
colorectal

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64
Q

definition secondary amenorrhoea

A

stopped for >6 months

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65
Q

phlegmasia creulea dolens

A

severe swollen leg DVT

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66
Q

asbestos increases which cacners

A

gastric
colon
renal adenocarinoma
gastrointestinal lymphoma

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67
Q

neural tube defects in pregnancy- how to detect §

A

US for all high risk women )positive serum alpha-fetoprotein, previously affected child)

–> if unable to see on US –> amniocentesis

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68
Q

when do trop levels peak

A

rise 2-4hr post STEMI
peak 18-24hr
can remain high for 2 weekst

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69
Q

trop levels and CKD

A

raised in CKD

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70
Q

CXR; upper lobe lung nodules, eggshell calcification of lymph nodes

A

Silia (coal workers pneubmoconiosis)
usually asyptomatic but may have cough/ exertion dyspnoea

lung transplant only treatment option

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71
Q

beryllliosis

A

aerospace, nuclear, telecommunications, semi-conductor, electrical industry

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72
Q

TFTs in hyperemesis gravidarum

A

can get high T4 due to hgierh serum BHCG, which has TSH-like activity

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73
Q

melasma or chloasma

A

macules (freqcle like sports) and larger patches appearing on fact, cheeks, upper lips

triggers:
pregnancy
hormonal contraceptives
sun exposure

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74
Q

unprovoked vs provoked DVT: what comes under unprovoked

A

NO CAUSE OR not easily correctable e.g. active cancer or thrombophilia

(for unprovoked treatment indefinite)

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75
Q

Majolin ulcer

A

skin malignancy that arise where scars/ chronic wounds were/ BURN SCARS

burns scans most common inciting condition

aggressive, metastasis early

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76
Q

round punched out ulcer on distal margin of foot

A

arterial ulcer

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77
Q

diabetic foot ulcer

A

plantar aspect of foot, tip of toe

deep, surrounded by calus

dry cracked calluses

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78
Q

6Ps of acute ischaemia

A

pale
pulseless
pain
paralysed
paraesthesia
perishingly cold

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79
Q

HAP 1st line ABx

A

co-amoxiclav
>48hr into admission

80
Q

cranial nerves

A

LR6 SO4

81
Q

what drug to give after thrombolysis

A

heparin or LMWH

then later I Beta blocker then ACEi

82
Q

atropine doses in bradycardia

A

0.5mg repeat every 3-5mins until 3mg

83
Q

ABCD2 score

A

risk of stroke post TIA

84
Q

serum angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)

A

sarcoidosis

85
Q

bulls myringitis

A

Mycoplasma pneumonia sign (rare)

86
Q

SLE (Lupus) diagnosis: >4 feaures of

A

malar rash
discoid lupus
photosensitivity
oral/ nasopharyngeal ulcers
non erosive arthritis
pleurites or pericarditis
renal involvement
seizures/ pschosis
anti-DNA antibody
anti SM
positive Antinuclear antibody

87
Q

streptokinase

A

thrombolytic agent

88
Q

lipid modifying drugs in pregnancy

A

stop 3 months before conceivinga

89
Q

what are the only lipid lowering drugs tp be considered in pregnnacy/ lactation

A

bile acid sequestrates or resins (e.g. Colesevelam) as they are not absorbed into bloodstream

90
Q

which pill causes breakthrough bleed

A

POP

COCP causes breakthrough bleed if underused e.g. diarrhoea, concurrent antiepileptic treatment, to low prescription

91
Q

brief psychotic disoder

A

1-30 days psychosis

92
Q

primary morphological chacatersitic of HCM

A

asymmetrical septal hypertrophy

93
Q

Anterior pituitary releases..

A

LH, FSH, GH, TSH, ACTH, prolactin

94
Q

Posterior pituitary releases…

A

ADH, oxytocin

95
Q

Hypothalamus releases

A

GnRH, GNRH, somatostatin, TRH, CRH

96
Q

COPD spirometry: pre or post bronchodilator

A

POST bronchodilator

97
Q

tender breast lump - size varies with menstrual cycle

A

breast cystt

98
Q

diagnostic test for mysasthenia gravis

A

acetylcholine receptor antibody test

99
Q

myasthenia gravis treatment

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g. pyridostigmine)

–> as it worsens –> immunomodulatory agents like stories, azathioprine, cyclosporin, mycophenolate mofetil

100
Q

CO poisoning what colour skin

A

cherry red

101
Q

shockable

A

VF and pulseless VT

102
Q

what nerve palsy in idiopathic intracranial hypertension

A

cranial nerve 6

103
Q

clozapine- when is risk of agranulocytosis highest?

A

EARLIER in treatment (FBC taken WEEKLY to start with then drops to monthly)

104
Q

Cerebellar disease

A

DANISH
dysdiadochokinesia
ataxia
nysthagmus
intuition tremor
slurred speech
hypotonia

105
Q

hemiballismum

A

involuntary flinging motions of the extremities due to infarct/ haemorrhage in contralateral sub thalamic nucleus

106
Q

involuntary irregular random flowing movements which flit from one part of the body to the other

A

Chorea

107
Q

movement disorders during sleep + dementia =

A

Parkinsons (nocturnal akinesia)

108
Q

thymoma features

A

1/3= Sx due to compression of surrounding organs e.g. superior vena cava syndrome, dysphagia, cough, chest pain

1/3 = associated autoimmune disorder e.g. myasthenia gravis

1/3= asymptomatic (found incidentally on CT or CXR)

109
Q

Dissociative fugue

A

purposeful travel beyond usual range
maintenance of self care
dissociative amnesia

110
Q

restless leg syndrome

A

subjective experience of restlessness interfering with sleep

111
Q

Carbamazepine (for trigeminal neuroalgia) - what to monitor

A

FBC as –> aplastic anaemia

if doesn’t work –> SPECIALIST

112
Q

2 core Sx of depression

A

low mood + loss of pleasure in activities

113
Q

classes of AF: paroxysmal, persistent and permanenant? (3)
lone AF? (1)

A

paroxysmal= >30s but <7 d
persistent = >7 d
permanent = failed to terminate with cardioversion

Lone AF= no causes (~10%) and other investigations normal

114
Q

acid-fast bacilli test for Mycobacteria Tuberculosis - what type of sample is it

A

sputum sample

115
Q

management syphilis

A

benzathine BENZYLPENECILLIN

116
Q

Listeria

A

soil, wood, decaying matter
ingestion of food products (unpasteurised milk/ seafood)
–> AVOID IN PREGNNACY

managment= amoxicillin and gentamicin

117
Q

Congenital taxoplasmosis

A

severe CNS problems (cerebral calcifications and hydrocephalus)
fatigue, mailaise, low grade fever, lymphadenopathy, myalgia

managemnt= Spiramycin

118
Q

Diagnosis guillia barre

A

CLINICAL

nerve conduction studies and LP (elevated protein, no elevation of CSF cell sounds)

119
Q

Treatment guillian barre

A

HIGH DOSE INTRAVENOUS IMMUNOGLOBULINS or plasma exchange

120
Q

hypothermia ECG changes (< 35 oC)

A

QT elcongation
J waves
QRS widening
PR elongation
AF

121
Q

what is Teethes syndome

A

smilar to chostochondritis but –> swelling of costal cartilages (in chostochondritis there is no swelling)

122
Q

myoclonic seizures

A

brief shock like jerks of muscle of group of muscles, usually conscious

123
Q

how can you provoke an absence seizure

A

hyperventilate for 3-5mins in children (can be diagnostic!)

124
Q

facial pain and raised EsR

A

consider temporal arteritis

125
Q

normal pressure hydrocephalus triad

A

dementia
urinary incentinence
gait disturbance

= NO papilloedema, normal CSF pressure

ELDERLY PATIENTS

–> ventriculoperitoneal shunts

126
Q

how many weeks is postterm and preterm

A

PRETERM= <37
POSTTERM= 42+

127
Q

ashermans syndrome

A

intrauterine adhesions in uterus
most frequency occurs due to D&C
can cause amenorrhoea

other causes: TB, chronic endometriosis, prolonged rupture of membranes

Diagnosis= Hysteroscopy
Sonohysterography

Treamtent= surgical

128
Q

small hard brass lump teathered to skin

A

breast cancer

129
Q

acute mental confusion, ataxia and opthalmoplgeia

A

Wernickes encephalopathy

130
Q

what can precipitate Wernickes encephalopathy in hospital?

A

giving GLUCOSe without thiamine

131
Q

chaplains syndrome

A

pulmonary fibrosis, usually in coal miners who have rheumatoid arthritis

CXR= multiple rounded well defined nodules - treat with steroids

132
Q

pregnancy Sx cased by increased venous distensibility and pelvic congestion

A

haemorrhoids

133
Q

pelvic ligament and muscle relaxation in pregnnacy —>

A

back pain

134
Q

COCP missed pill

A

> 24hr late (if less than that then you can take 2 together and continue as normal) –> have emergency contraception if 2+ COCP missed pills

135
Q

weeks gestation abortion is allowed up until

A

24 weeks
(no upper limit if risk to mothers life)

136
Q

coital cephalgia

A

headache with sexual activity

137
Q

how does COCP work

A

acts on hypo-pituitary-ovarian axis by suppressing LH and FHS and inhibiting ovulation

138
Q

pancoats tumor

A

horners syndrome
ipsilateral reflex sympathetic dystrophy
unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy
phrenic nerve involvement
arm oedema
superor vena cava syndrome

139
Q

MRC SOB scale (standard) COPD

A

1- no problems
2- uphill SOB
3- slower on ground level because of SOB
4- 100m SOB or few mins on ground level
5- to SOB to leave house

140
Q

carbimazole and pregnancy

A

SAFE

141
Q

drop in BP during inspiration

A

pulsus paradoxus

142
Q

pulsus alternans

A

strong pulse followed by weak pulse
linked with heart failure, especially L ventricular failure

143
Q

audible wheeze - most likely diagnosis

A

ASTHMA ONLY

not characteristic of lung carcinoma, PE, pleural effusion or cardiomegaly

144
Q

when to start iron supplements in pregnnacy

A

Hb low, MCV low —> 200mg ferrous sulphate

145
Q

MRC scale for muscle power 0-5

A

0= no muscle contraction
1= flicker
2= some active movement
3= movement against gravity
4= against resistance
5= normal

146
Q

myasthenia gravis - how to diagnose

A

Diagnosis:
Hx and Exam, AND
2 +ve diagnostic tests e.g. serological and electrodiagnositc
(e.g. serum anti-AChR antibodies and electromyography under repetitive stimulation)

147
Q

myasthenia gravis - what scan do they need eventually

A

a CT throax for ?thyoma as 10% have thyme

148
Q

management myasthenia gravis

A

acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (e.g.. pyridostigmine)
others: immunomodulatory, monoclonal antibodies, plasma exchange , thymectomy

149
Q

woman, mild chronic abdominal pain that suddenly intesnsifies, fluid below fallopian tubes

A

rupture of ectopic cyst

150
Q

degenerating myoma (fibroma)

A

mixed echo dense or echolucent appearance

151
Q

antibodies linked to which disease:
- antimitochondrial
- ANA
- anticentromere
- Anti-Ro, anti-La

A
  • PBC
  • non specific but SLE
  • CREST
  • Sjorgrens syndrome
152
Q

lupus vulgaris

A

painful cutaneous TB skin lesions with nodular appearahce
sharply marginated, red-brown pappules of gelatinous consistency

153
Q

munchhausen by proxy

A

when carere/ parent produces factitious illness in a child or adult in their care

154
Q

hypochondriasis vs somatisation

A

hypochondriacs fear a specific disease
somatisation = multiple somatic complaints

155
Q

Chest drains:

A

fluid level swings with inspirations
removal of chest drain with EXPIRATIION
chest tube should not be clamped
insert into 5th ICS

156
Q

bowel cancer screening

A

50-74 every 2 years

157
Q

targeted lung cancer screening

A

55-74 lo dose CT scan every 2 years

158
Q

haemophilus durecyi

A

painful genital ulcer (Chancroid)
A/W tender inguinal lymphadenopathy

159
Q

when do HCG levels raise in pregnnacy

A

day 11
- peak weeks 10-12 weeks gestation

160
Q

lung abscess management

A

clindamycin

161
Q

ophthalmoplegia (e.g. nystagmus)
ataxia
acute mental confusion

A

Wernickes encephalopathy

162
Q

Wilsons disease

A

autosomal recessive
asymmetrical tremor
depression and behavioural patterns

163
Q

Causes of HAP

A

Strep pneumonia OR haemophilus influenza

LATE onset= pseudomonas aeruginosa or other antimicrobial resistant opportunistic gram -ve bacteria or MRSA

164
Q

Modified Dukes criteria for IE

A

Major
- Blood culture
- Echo

Minor
- Temp >38oC
- Oslers nodes and roth spots
- microbiological evidence (blood cultures)
- embolic phenomenon
- risk factors (congenital heart condition/ IVDU)

165
Q

when does over th counter pregnancy test become +ve

A

9 days post conception
(remain positive 5 days post fetal death)

166
Q

treatment oral candidasis

A

topical nystatin or miconazole
OR
systemic fluconazole, ketoconazole or itraconazole anti fungal

167
Q

What liver enzyme raises rapidly in pregnancy

A

ALP (as produced by the Planeta)

168
Q

Coagulation factors and prengnacy

A

pregnancy is HYPERCOAGULABLE state

but blood APTT/PT etc all stay the same ranges

169
Q

How do FBC and U&E change in pregnancy

A

WCC increases
platelets fall

U&E: increase in kidney size and perfusion –> serum levels drop

170
Q

Secondary cause of HTN should be considered if

A

<40yo
low K+ or high Na
eGFR reduced
proteinuria or haematuria (without UTI)
sudden onset or worsening

171
Q

Fregoli syndrome

A

person is falsely identified in strangers

(Capgras is when some ins supplanted b a stranger who is their exact double)

172
Q

Ekboms syndrome

A

delusion of infestation with insects

173
Q

Gansers syndrome

A

syndrome of approximate answers

174
Q

waddling gait when trying to run
“climbing u the legs” when rising from floor
psychoypertrophy of the calves

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy
(Gowers sign)

175
Q

Frederichs ataxia

A

autosomal recessive ataxia
degenerative disease that primary affects nervous system and heart
A/W cardiomyopathy nd diabetes
onset <20 years
unsteadiness of gait
progressive ataxia, dysarthria, decreased proprioception/ vibration sense and muscle weakness

176
Q

not walking by 18 months, delayed motor milestones and global developmental delay

A

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

177
Q

initial investigation Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

serum creatine kinase (CK)

more precise diagnosis: genetic analysis, muscle biopsy, clinical observation
(aim to diagnose early to allow genetic counselling for family)

178
Q

Duchenne musclar dystrophy

A

autosomal recessvie

carriers asymptomatic

179
Q

Duchenne muscular dystrophy

A

MDT management

180
Q

Friedreichs ataxia - most likely cause of death

A

cardiomyopathy

181
Q

most common inherited autosomal recessive ataxia in the UK

A

Friedreichs ataxia

onset <20 years
general clumsiness or deterioration of athletic performance

182
Q

Sperm count
asthenozoospermia
azoospermia
oligostpermia
hypospermia
teratospermia

A

asthenozoospermia= rescued sperm motility
azoospermia= no sperm
oligostpermia= low sperm count
hypospermia= reduced sperm volume
teratospermia= poor sperm morphology

183
Q

causes of infertility in women: drugs

A

NSAIDS
spirolactone
cytotoxic drugs
neuroleptic drugs
recreational drugs
cycle-oxygenase inhibitors

184
Q

male infertility: what common GI drug causes oligosperma

A

sulfalazine

185
Q

“tightening” rather than pain after 20 weeks

A

Braxton-hicks contractions

186
Q

sudden severe abdominal pain after coughing/trauma in pregnnacy –> rupture of inferior epigastric vessels

A

rectus muscle haematoma

187
Q

brief, sharp, stabbing pain or longer lasting dull ache that prengnay women feel in lower groin/ abdomen in second trimester due to uterus pulling on the round ligament

A

round ligament pain

188
Q

systolic ejection murmur increases on standing and decreases with squatting

A

HCM

189
Q

Myotonic dystrophy

A

cataracts, muscle weakness, frontal balding

presents OLDER than Duchenne muscular dystrophy

190
Q

Duchenne Muscular dystrophy prognosis

A

most require ventilatory support by 25 years of age
most lose ability to walk by 12 year

191
Q

Most common muscular dystrophy in adults

A

Myotonic dystrophy
autosomal dominant
–> anticipation

192
Q

when to do progesterone level for infertility in 35 day cycle

A

28!!!! day

193
Q

fascioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy

A

progressive difficulty whistling and sucking through a straw

194
Q

sleep apnoea and HTN

A

increase risk of HTN

195
Q

potassium in diet and HTN

A

LOW potassium diet –> HTN

196
Q

SOB, clubbing, heamoptysis and weight loss

What is first line investigation?

A

CXR

197
Q

Missed miscarriage vs inevitable vs incomplete

A

MISSED= NO PAIN (and no fetal heartbeat)

INCOMPLETE= pain +/-, retained products/ no real heartbeat, open Os

INEVITABLE= pain ++, lots of bleeding, open Os

MSRA (22 decks)

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