Dermatology Flashcards
usually starts with a single ‘herald patch’, followed by a ‘Christmas-tree’ distribution of smaller patches along skin cleavage lines, predominantly on the trunk.
Pityriasis rosea
late pregnancy
benign
erythematous papules, vesicles or plaques. The rash often starts on the abdomen, particularly within stretch marks (striae), and can spread to the thighs and buttocks but rarely involves the face or mucous membranes
Polymorphic eruption of pregnancy
is a rare autoimmune blistering disorder associated with pregnancy. It usually begins in the second or third trimester or immediately postpartum. Lesions often start around the umbilicus before spreading to other parts of the body but unlike PEP, pemphigoid gestationis frequently involves the palms, soles and mucous membranes.
Pemphigoid gestationis
poxvirus
multiple dome-shaped papules with central umbilication
small, multiple lesions
umbilicated
6-12 months
Molluscum contagiosum
purple, polygonal, pruritic papules and plaques, often with a white lacy pattern (Wickham’s striae) visible on their surface. The lesions are typically larger than 1-2mm and lack umbilication. They commonly affect the flexor surfaces of wrists, legs, and oral mucosa.
lichen planus
congenital haemangioma occurring in around one in 20 babies. They tend to grown rapidly over the first few months of life then spontaneously regress over the course of a few years.
strawberry naevus
when is strawberry naevus a problem?
if over the spine (or impairing vision/ hearing)
The rolled, pearly edges with telangiectasia on the inferior border of the lesion
BCC
hand eczema, precipitated by humidity (e.g. sweating) and high temperatures
Pompholyx eczema (dyshidrotic eczema)
how to manage sebaceous cyst?
Excision of the cyst wall needs to be complete to prevent recurrence.
stress ulcer that can occur after severe burns
Curling’s ulcer
areas of bluish discolouration over the lower back and buttock which often disappear by 1 year of age.
mongolian blue spots
raised brown/black nodules which can be hairy and up to 20cm in diameter. There is a risk of developing melanomas from these and so they should be closely monitored.
melanocytic naevi
white patches in the oral cavity that cannot be rubbed off and are not attributed to any other identifiable cause. It is important to exclude other conditions such as lichen planus and squamous cell carcinoma through biopsy,
leukoplakia
well-demarcated areas of depigmentation due to destruction of melanocytes.
vitiligo
management scabies
permethrin 5% is first-line
malathion 0.5% is second-line
apply the insecticide cream or liquid to cool, dry skin
pay close attention to areas between fingers and toes, under nails, armpit area, creases of the skin such as at the wrist and elbow
allow to dry and leave on the skin for 8-12 hours for permethrin, or for 24 hours for malathion, before washing off
reapply if insecticide is removed during the treatment period, e.g. If wash hands, change nappy, etc
repeat treatment 7 days later
itching can persist for up to 6 weeks after successful treatment due to a delayed hypersensitivity reaction to the mites, even if all the mites have been killed. Retreatment should only be considered if new burrows or rashes appear, or if living mites are found upon examination.
Causes of scarring alopecia
include trauma/burns, radiotherapy, lichen planus, discoid lupus, tinea capitis
non scaring alopecia causes
male-pattern baldness
drugs: cytotoxic drugs, carbimazole, heparin, oral contraceptive pill, colchicine
nutritional: iron and zinc deficiency
autoimmune: alopecia areata
telogen effluvium: hair loss following stressful period e.g. surgery
trichotillomania
molloscum contagious - do they need to go off school?
Time off school is not necessary but, as the condition is infectious, it is advised to avoid sharing baths, towels, or clothing with others to prevent transmission.
flexural psoriasis treatment
only mild/moderate steroid NOT fit D
Remember that the treatment of flexural psoriasis differs from extensor psoriasis. The skin of flexure areas of the body is much thinner and more sensitive to steroids compared to the extensor surfaces. Flexural surfaces that tend to be affected are the groin, genital region, axillae, inframammary folds, abdominal folds, sacral and gluteal cleft.
