MCQ Flashcards

1
Q

Simplest virus

A

Filamentous

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2
Q

What component do enveloped virus have?

A

Isometric

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3
Q

Common receptor to virus is said to be

A

Low affinity receptor

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4
Q

Viral capsid binds to?

A

High affinity receptor

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5
Q

Co receptors virus binds to are

A

CCR5
CXCR4

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6
Q

Transformation

A
  • naked DNA uptake by bacteria, picked up by adjacent
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7
Q

Transduction

A
  • Bacterial DNA transfered by phages (virus)
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8
Q

Conjugation

A
  • Structural connection between bacterial cells
  • passing of plasmid
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9
Q

Pan genome

A

Elements found on one or more strains
Not all strains

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10
Q

Core genome

A

Present in all genome

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11
Q

Monotrichous

A

single flagellum

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12
Q

Lophotricous

A

Multiple
same end

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13
Q

Amphitrichous

A

Single Flagellum each end

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14
Q

Petrichous

A

numerous flagellum around structure

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15
Q

Atrichous

A

No flagellum

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16
Q

Bacteriophage components

A
  • capsid
  • tail
  • adsorption apparatus
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17
Q

Virulent phages enter

A

Lytic cycle

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18
Q

Temperate phages enter

A

Lysogenic

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19
Q

How does phage viral release take place from bacteria

A

-endolysins
-holins

20
Q
  • Endolysins degrade
A

Peptidoglycan

21
Q

What protein cause conformation change

A

Spanin

22
Q

What signalling molecule decides lysogenic/ lytic cycle?

A

Arbitrium

23
Q

Low arbitrium

A

Lytic cycle

24
Q

High arbitrium

A

Lysogenic

25
Q

Phage viral DNA neither replicates or integrates, which cycle?

A

Pseudo-lysogenic stage

26
Q

How is capsid of phage froms
(encapsulated)

A
  1. Terminase binds viral genome concatemer
  2. Terminase - dna binds procapsid portal
  3. DNA translocation (ATP-ADP)
  4. Contamer cleavage + packaging completion
27
Q

What is burst size

A

Number of phages produced by infected host cell

28
Q

Shift between latent and eclispe period determined with?

A

Chloroform

29
Q

Bacteria resistance mechanisms from phage

A
  1. Preventing virus adsorptions
  2. prevent virus entry
  3. cutting virus nucleuc acid
  4. abortive infection
  5. CRISPR-CAS
30
Q

Preventing virus adsorption

A
  • Bacteria mutates receptor
  • > blocking virus receptor
  • bacteria changes porins in the outer membrane
31
Q

Most important mechanism for virus DNA entry into bacteria

A

Superinfection exclusion mechanism

32
Q

Phage T4 is prevented entry by which bacterial proteins?

A
  • Imm
  • Sp
33
Q

Imm bacterial protein

A
  • redirect viral DNA outside of cell
34
Q

Sp bacterial protein

A

Stops activity of degredation of T4 lysozyme

35
Q

What enzyme does bacteria use to modify its DNA?

A
  • Methyltrasnferase
  • Adds methyl
36
Q
A
36
Q

Which enzyme cleave unmethylated bits of DNA?

A
  • Restriction enzymes
  • > restriction endonucleases
37
Q

What viral protein inhibits restriction enzyme?

A

OCR protein
>mimics DNA
>releases into bacterial cell before it hijacks

38
Q

2 ways Abortive infection occurs

A
  • membrane puncturing
  • self toxificatin
39
Q

2 enzymes in membrane puncturing

A
  1. Rex B
  2. Rex A
40
Q
A
41
Q

Obligate

A

Needs host to survive

42
Q

Opporutunistic

A

Not parasitic, but can make use of opportunity

43
Q
A
44
Q

Amatoxins

A
  • inhibit RNA polymerase II