MCP Flashcards
Sitosterolemia is caused by mutations in the _____ and _____ genes
ABCG5 and ABCG8
The ABC transporters deficient in Sitosterolemia are ABC transporters _____ and _____
Sterolin-1 and Sterolin-1
An inability to pump plant sterols can lead to _______
Sitosterolemia
Cholesterol synthesis occurs on the surface of the (cellular component) ______
Smooth ER
The two compounds added to Cholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid to make them “conjugated” are ____ and ____
glycine and taurine
Primary bile acids are converted to secondary bile acids by the action of _____
intestinal bacteria
HMG CoA Reducatase is active when it is (phosphorylates/dephosphorylated)
dephosphorylated
The ____ protein binds cholesterol so that the SREBP protein can activate transcription
SCAP
Hormones insulin and thyroxine (up-regulate/down-regulate) expression of HGM CoA reductase
up-regulate
SLOS is a deficiency in ____ leading to impaired _____ synthesis
7DHC
impaired cholesterol synthesis
Mutations inABCG5and ABCG8geneswhichencodeABC transporters can lead to _______
Sitosterolemia
They key regulatory step of Cholesterol synthesis is catalyzed by the enzyme ________
HMG CoA Reductase
A deficiency in the enzyme cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) will result in (Over production of cellular cholesterol/Reduction of cellular cholesterol esters)
Reduction of cellular cholesterol esters
Apo ___ is unique to chylomicrons
Apo B48
Chylomicrons are assembled in (cells)_____
intestinal mucosal cells
Nacent chylomicrons are released into the (blood/lymph)
lymph
LPL binds Apo ____
C II
VLDL is produced by the _____
liver
VLDL is converted to LDL in the _____
blood
Apo E(1/2/3/4) binds poorly
Apo E2
Apo E(1/2/3/4) associated with hyperlipoprotienemia
Apo E2
Apo E(1/2/3/4) associated with alzheimers
Apo E4
If there is excess cholesterol, it can be stored as an ester by the action of (enzyme) ______
ACAT
Acyl CoA: cholesterol acyl transferase
Excess cholesterol gets stored as ______
cholesterol esters
Apo ___ is an LPL activator, while Apo ____ is an LPL inhibitor
C II
C III
HDLs are the only carriers of Apo ____ and Apo ____
A I and A II
Tri-Glycerides in VLDL are exchanged with Cholesterol Esters in HDL by the action of _____
CEPT
Cholesterol ester transfer proteins
Apo E and Apo C II are put onto other lipoproteins from circulating _____
HDL
Excess cholesterol is returned to the liver via ____
HDL
Tangier disease is a deficiency in _____ which leads to a lack of HDL particles
ABCA1
Scavenger Receptor B1 (SR-B1) helps to clear (VLDL/LDL/HDL/Chylomicrons)
HDL
The enzyme that converts cholesterol to cholesterol esters so that it may be stored in HDL is _____
LCAT
Lecithin—cholesterol acyltransferase
Cholesterol is moved into the mitochondria for steroid synthesis by the transporter _____
StAR
steroidogenic acute regulatory protein
The rate limiting step in the conversion of cholesterol to steroids is catalyzed by the enzyme _____
CYP11A
a cytochrome p450 mixed function oxidase
CYP11A is located at the ______
inner mitochondrial membrane
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH) induces __________ which induces glucocorticoid cortisol secretion
ACTH
Adrenocorticotropic hormone
High cortisolconcentrations (promotes/inhibits) Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
inhibits (negative feedback)
Function of Aldosterone:
Increase Na+ (and H2O) uptake at kidney tubules
Angiotensinogen is converted to angiotensin I by ______
Renin
Angiotensin I is converted to angiotensin II by ______
ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme)
Renin dependent hypertension is treated by ______
ACE inhibitors
Steroid hormones are secreted by the (liver/gonads/adrenal cortex/thyroid)
adrenal cortex
Hormone that acts on intestines and causes increased calcium absorption is _____
calcitrol
The active form of vitamin D in the body is (calcidiol/calcitriol)
calcitriol
Calcidiol is converted to calcitriol in the ______
kidneys
Calcium levels are monitored by the (organ) ______
parathyroid
_____ stimulates intestinal absorption of calcium by binding the VitaminDreceptor(VDR)
calcitrol = 1,25-diOH-D3
calcitrol (1,25-diOH-D3) binds the ____ in the cytoplasm of intestinal cells
VitaminDReceptor(VDR)
On an enterocyte, _______ mediates transport of calcium across the apical membrane
Calbindin-D9K
Movement of calcium into the epithelial cell is mediated by ______
TRVP5
The MEOS consists of a cyt P450 enzyme called ______
CYP2E1
In the liver EtOH is converted to Acetaldehyde by _____
ADH
Acetaldehyde deyhydrogenase
In the liver Acetaldehyde is converted to Acetate by _____
ALDH
acetaldehyde dehydrogenase
The most abundant isozyme of ADH is (ADH1/ADH2/ADH3)
ADH1
The isozyme of ADH best for long chain alcohols is (ADH1/ADH2/ADH3)
ADH3
(ALDH1/ALDH2) is abundant in the mitochondria
ALDH2
(ALDH1/ALDH2) is abundant in the cytoplasm
ALDH1
Treating alcoholics with disulfiram inhibits the enzyme ______
ALDH
Oxidation of acetylaldehyde occurs in the (organelle) ______
mitochondria
The A vitamins have important functions in _____
vision
Excess vitamin A accumulates in the (organ) _____
liver (ito cells)
Keratomalacia can occur with a deficiency in which vitamin?
Vitamin A
Deficiency of Vitamin D can lead to _____ in children and ________ in adults
Rickets
osteomalacia
A deficiency in this vitamin results in easy bruising and bleeding
Vitamin K
Vitamin K has an essential role in modifying ________, part of the clotting cascade
Prothrombin
Which vitamin functions as an antioxidant?
Vitamin E
Which vitamin is present in all cell and organelle membranes?
Vitamin E
A severe deficiency in this vitamin can lead to impaired collagen formation and scurvy
Vitamin C
Synthesis of epinephrin in adrenal glands requires which vitamin?
Vitamin C
Which B vitamins are hematopoietic?
B9: Folate
B12: Cobalamine
Which B vitamins are energy releasing?
B1 Thiamine
B2 Riboflavin
B3 Niacin
B5 Pantothenic Acid
B6 Pyridoxine
B7 Biotin
B1 is ____
Thiamine
