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Unit 8 > Gross Anatomy > Flashcards

Gross Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

The motor innervation to the diaphragm originate form spinal levels ______

A

C3-C5

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2
Q

The sensory innervation to the diaphragm originate form spinal levels ______

A

T6-T9

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3
Q

Name the three major apertures of the diaphragm and their spinal levels

A
  1. Foramen for Vena Cava (T8)
  2. Esophageal Hiatus (T10)
  3. Aortic Hiatus (T12)
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4
Q

Which two nerves pass through both the R and L Crus of the Diaphragm?

A

Greater and Lesser Splanchnic nerves

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5
Q

Which nerve supplies motor to the abdominal wall muscles and sensory to the supra pubic region?

A

Iliohypogastric Nerve

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6
Q

Which nerve supplies motor to the abdominal wall muscles and sensory to the pubic region?

A

Ilioinguinal Nerve

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7
Q

Which nerve supplies sensory to the parietal peritoneum and skin of the anterior and lateral thigh?

A

Lateral Cutaneous Nerve

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8
Q

Which nerve supplies motor and sensor to the lower extremities?

A

Femoral Nerve

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9
Q

Which nerve supplies motor to the cremaster muscle and sensory to anterior thigh?

A

Genitofemoral Nerve

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10
Q

Which nerve supplies sensory to the upper medial thigh and motor to the adductor muscles of the lower extremities?

A

Obturator Nerve

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11
Q

What three hormones are synthesized by the Kidney

A

1,25-dihydroxycalciferol
renin
erythropoietin

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12
Q

Kidney infections tend to spread (up to the diaphragm/down to the pelvis) due to the incomplete fusion of the fascia in this region

A

down to the pelvis

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13
Q

Significant jarring or loss of perirenal fat can allow the kidney to drop inferiorly known as ______

A

Nephroptosis

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14
Q

There (is/is not) communication between segmental renal arteris

A

is not!

occlusion can lead to infarction

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15
Q

The 3 constriction of the ureter that are likely places for kidney stones are

A
  1. uretero-pelvic juction
  2. ureter passing over iliac vessles
  3. junction with the urinary bladder
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16
Q

Which kidney sits a little lower (right/left)

A

right (displaced by the liver)

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17
Q

Which Adrenal Gland is slightly larger (right/left)

A

left

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18
Q

What might you mistake a psoas abscess for?

A

may be mistaken for an inguinal or femoral hernia

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19
Q

Compression of the left renal vein in between the SMA and Aorta is sometimes called ________ syndrome

A

Nutcracker

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20
Q

Excess water in the kidney is called _____

A

hydronephrosis

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21
Q

The greater splanchnic nerves arise from spinal levels __ to ___

A

T5-T9

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22
Q

The lesser splanchnic nerves arise from spinal levels __ to __

A

T10-T11

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23
Q

The least splanchnic nerves arise from spinal level __

A

T12

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24
Q

The inferior aspect of the pubic symphysis and the tip of the coccyx defines the boundary of the _____ _____

A

pelvic outlet

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25
Q

The superior aspect of the pubic symphysis to the sacral promontory defines the boundary of the ______

A

pelvic inlet

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26
Q

The pelvic diaphragm is made up of two muscles, the _____ and _____

A

levator ani and coccygeous

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27
Q

The thin muscular sheet that is the floor of the pelvic cavity is called the _____ ______

A

pelvic diaphragm

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28
Q

When herniated material passed through the deep ring lateral to the inferior epigastric artery it is (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia

A

Indirect

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29
Q

When herniated material passes through Hesselbachs triangle medial to the inferior epigastric artery it is (direct/indirect) inguinal hernia

A

Direct

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30
Q

A hernia inferior to the inguinal ligament is a ______ hernia

A

femoral

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31
Q

Descent of the testes is guided by the ______ which attaches at their inferior pole

A

gubernaculum

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32
Q

Derived from the fascia of the internal abdominal oblique muscle, this muscle extends to the superior pole of the testes

A

Cremaster muscle

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33
Q

The fascia covering the testes derived from the internal abdominal oblique muscle is the ______ fascia

A

middle spermatic fascia

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34
Q

The cremaster muscle is innervated by the ______ branch of the genitofemoral nerve

A

genital branch

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35
Q

List the three layers covering the spermatic cord

A
  1. internal spermatic fascia
  2. cremaster and middle spermatic fascia
  3. external spermatic fascia
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36
Q

incomplete testicular descent with testes remaining along the normal descent pathway is called _____

A

Cryptorchidism

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37
Q

What type of hernia will go through Hesselbach’s triangle?

A

A direct inguinal hernia

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38
Q

Which type of hernia more likely ends up in scrotum?

A

Indirect inguinal

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39
Q

Which type of hernia is more common in women?

A

Femoral hernia

40
Q

What is the dividing line between an inguinal and femoral hernia?

A

The inguinal ligament

41
Q

Direct (medial) hernias tend to be (congenital/acquired)

A

acquired

42
Q

Indirect (lateral) hernias tend to be (congenital/acquired)

A

congenital

43
Q

The remnant of the processus vaginalis that is reflected upon the testes is the ______

A

tunica vaginalis

44
Q

Direct hernias rarely pass beyond the ______

A

superficial ring

45
Q

An abnormal testicular descent with the testicle outside the normal descent pattern is called a _____ testical

A

ectopic testical

46
Q

The labia majora and scrotum are supplied by the external and internal _____ arteries

A

pudendal

47
Q

What three structures open into the vestibule of the vagina?

A
  1. greater vestibular glands
  2. vagina
  3. urethra
48
Q

The ovary (is/is not) contained within the broad ligament

A

is not!

49
Q

Broad ligament: Which is associated with the uterine tube? (mesosalpinx/mesovarium/mesometrium)

A

mesosalpinx

50
Q

Broad ligament: Attaches uterus to the lateral walls and floor of the pelvis (mesosalpinx/mesovarium/mesometrium)

A

mesometrium

51
Q

Which nerve enters the deep ring of the inguinal canal?

A

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

52
Q

The ovaries are on the (superior/posterior) aspect of the broad ligament

A

posterior

53
Q

90% of ectopic pregnancies implant in the _____

A

uterine tube

54
Q

The lower 1/3 of the uterus is called the ______

A

cervix

55
Q

The ovarian artery anastomoses with the _____ artery

A

uterine artery

56
Q

Blood supply to the anterior scrotum is from the ______ artery and vein

A

external pudendal

57
Q

Blood supply to the posterior scrotum is from the ______ artery and vein

A

internal pudendal

58
Q

The thick covering of connective tissue surrounding the testes is called ____

A

tunica albuginea

59
Q

Site of maturation and storage of sperm _____

A

epididymis

60
Q

Tail of the epididymis becomes the _____

A

vas deferens

61
Q

By what mechanism is arterial blood cooled as it goes to the testes?

A

countercurrent heat exchange with venous blood

62
Q

Sensory form the anterior scrotum is conveyed by ______ nerve

A

ilioinguinal nerve (L1)

63
Q

Sensory from the posterior scrotum is conveyed by posterior scrotal nerves branched from the ______ nerve

A

pudendal nerve (S2, 3, 4)

64
Q

Damage or weakness of the puborectalis muscle can result in _____

A

incontinence

65
Q

The left testicular vein drains into the ______

A

Left renal vein

66
Q

The right testicular vein drains into the _______

A

inferior vena cava

67
Q

Inflammation of the glandular tissue within the testes (esp. as a complication of mumps) is called ________

A

orchitis

68
Q

Enlargement or varicosity of the veins of the spermatic cord is called ________

A

varicocele

69
Q

The seminal vesicles (70% of ejaculate) produce nutrients for sperm such as _____ (5)

A
  1. Fructose
  2. Prostaglandins
  3. ascorbic acid
  4. simple sugars
  5. amino acids
70
Q

The deep dorsal arteries that supply the penis are branches of the ____ _____ artery

A

internal pudendal

71
Q

To where does the deep dorsal vein drain?

A

Prostatic venous plexus and vesicle plexus

72
Q

The crest or hill on the posterior prostatic urethra is called the ____ ____

A

colliculus seminalis

73
Q

The small blind pouch located in the middle of the colliculus seminalis is called the ______

A

utricle

74
Q

In males, what glands open up into the membranous urethra?

A

The bulbourethral glands

75
Q

What important sperm nutrients are provided by the prostate’s secretory products? (3)

A
  1. Citric Acid
  2. Phosphates
  3. Zinc
76
Q

The two crura of the penis are covered by the _________ muscle

A

ischiocavernosus

77
Q

What nerve supplies sensory information to the root of the penis?

A

ilioinguinal nerve

78
Q

The tissue that surrounds the spongy urethra is called the _____ ______

A

corpus spongiosum

79
Q

The paired cylinders in the penis that contain true erectile tissue are called the _____ _____

A

Corpora cavernosa

80
Q

What two muscles make up the pelvic floor?

A
  1. Coccygeus

2. Levator ani

81
Q

Which nerve tells you that your bladder is full?

A

Visceral afferents traveling with the pelvic splanchnic nerves

82
Q

Relaxation of what muscle that supports the neck of the bladder allows for urination?

A

pubococcygeous muscle

83
Q

Contraction of the smooth muscles of the bladder during urination are initiated by the _____ _____ nerves

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

84
Q

Which muscle allows retention of feces in the rectum?

A

puborectalis muscle

85
Q

What two muscles contract during ejaculation?

A
  1. Bulbospongiosus

2. Ischiocavernosus

86
Q

Which nerve stimulates the process of emission?

A

sympathetics of lumbar splanchnics

87
Q

Which nerve stimulates the process of ejaculation?

A

somatic fibers of the pudendal nerves

88
Q

What are the three (other) structures in the spermatic cord?

A
  1. Vas deferens
  2. Venous plexus
  3. Testicular Lymphatics
89
Q

What are the three arteries in the spermatic cord?

A
  1. Testicular artery
  2. Artery to Vas Deferens
  3. Cremasteric artery
90
Q

What are the three nerves in the spermatic cord?

A
  1. Testicular nerve (symp)
  2. Genital branch of genetofemoral
  3. Ilioinguinal (does not enter deep ring, runs lateral)
91
Q

Which fluid accounts for the majority of ejaculate (70%)?

A

Seminal vesicle fluid

92
Q

The internal pudendal artery is a branch off of the ______ ______ artery

A

internal iliac

93
Q

The dorsal nerves of the penis and the posterior scrotal nerves are both branches of the ______ nerve

A

pudendal

94
Q

From what abdominal muscle is the cremaster muscle derived?

A

internal abdominal oblique

95
Q

The pudendal nerve exits at sacral levels __, __, and __ ‘keeps the poop off the floor’

A

S2, 3, 4

96
Q

What nerve exits the greater sciatic foramen and enters the lesser sciatic foramen?

A

The Pudendal nerve

Unit 8 (5 decks)

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