MCP Flashcards
name structure
amylopectin
name structure
amylose
name structure
cellulose
name structure
galactose
name structure
fructose
name structure
glucose
name structure
glycogen
name structure
isomaltose
name structure
lactose
name structure
maltose
name structure
sucrose
name linkage
alpha linkage
name linkage
beta linkage (draw beta going up)
(L/D) sugars are more abundant biological structures
D
four major dietary carbs
amylose (starch, amylopectin (starch), lactose, sucrose (table sugar)
why can we not digest cellulose
we dont’ have an enzyme that cleaves a beta 1-4 linkage
where is table sugar digested
in the small intestine by brush border enzymes
where does starch digestion begin
in the mouth, with amylase
increased levels of serum amylase probably indicates
pancreatitis
the specificity of glycosidases is based on these three things
type of linkage, type of sugars, position of the linkage (terminal or internal)
(starch/disaccharides) are cleaved in the mouth by salivary amylase
starch
difference between lactase non persistence and lactose intolerance
lactase non persistence–enzyme is no longer expressed at high levels
lactose intolerance–symptoms
NADPH is critical for (synthesis/degradation) pathways
synthesis
gluconeogenesis makes glycogen from (monosaccharides/amino acids)
amino acids, lactate
where is glycogen mainly stored
liver and skeletal muscle (skeletal muscle stores it for its own use)
oxidation of glucose to generate ATP and pyruvate
glycolysis
oxidation of glucose to 5 carbon sugar to produce NADPH needed for biosynthetic pathways
pentose phosphate pathway
during fasting, a decrease in blood glucose causes a release of (insulin/glucagon) into the bloodstream to mobilize fuels and increase blood glucose
glucagon
when glucagon is released into the bloodstream, lipolysis (increases/decreases)
increases, to release fatty acids to be used as alternative fuel
during the fed state, an increase in blood glucose causes release of (insulin/glucagon) into the bloodstream to promote fuel storage
insulin
when insulin is released, fatty acid synthesis (decreases/increases)
increases
when insulin is released, triglyceride synthesis is (increased/decreased)
increased, to store fatty acids for later use
