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Unit 7 > Gross > Flashcards

Gross Flashcards

1
Q

abdominal stria

A

stretch marks, elastic fibers were ruptured

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2
Q

caput medusae

A

veins on belly due to HTN, obstruction of portal vein

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3
Q

6 causes of belly protrusion

A

food, fat, fluid, feces, flatus, fetus

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4
Q

incisions (along/across) Langer’s Lines will heal better

A

along

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5
Q

the superficial fascia: (Camper’s fatty layer/Scarpa’s membranous layer) is superficial

A

Camper’s

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6
Q

the superficial fascia: (Camper’s fatty layer/Scarpa’s membranous layer) is deep

A

Scarpa’s

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7
Q

the peritoneum consists of (one/two) membranes

A

one

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8
Q

the hepato-(gastric/duodenal) ligament contains the portal triad

A

duodenal

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9
Q

achalasia of the cardia

A

stenosis of lesser esophageal spincter/blockage

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10
Q

The gut tube is suspended from the dorsal and ventral

body walls by

A

mesenteries

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11
Q

_____ organs are only covered in peritoneum on one

surface

A

retroperitoneal

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12
Q

(primarily/secondarily) retroperitoneal organs: develop and remain
outside of the parietal peritoneum (e.g. esophagus,
rectum and kidneys)

A

primarily

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13
Q

_____ _____ organs are initially
intraperitoneal, suspended by mesentary, but through
the course of embryogenesis they the course of embryogenesis they become
retroperitoneal, with their mesentery fusing with the
posterior abdominal wall (e.g. ascending and
descending colon)

A

secondarily

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14
Q

The foregut just posterior to the pharynx is partitioned

into the ____ and ____

A

trachea and esophagus

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15
Q

Malformation of the tracheoesophageal septum may

lead to ____ or ____

A

esophageal atresia and/or tracheoesophageal fistula

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16
Q

most cases of esophageal atresia are with (double fistula/distal fistula/proximal fistula/isolated fistula)

A

distal fistula (86% of cases)

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17
Q

The caudal end of the foregut and cranial part of the midgut

form the______

A

duodenum

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18
Q

Duodenal _____ occur if canalization

of the duodenum fails

A

stenosis or atresia

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19
Q

Imaging detects duodenal atresia as a

A

double bubble sign

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20
Q

which organ develops from the cystic diverticulum

A

gallbladder

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21
Q

two lobes of a bilobed ventral
pancreatic bud migrate in opposite directions around
the duodenum to fuse with the dorsal bud (forms a ring)

A

Annular pancreas

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22
Q

consequence of annular pancreas

A

constricts or obstructs the duodenum

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23
Q

spleen derives from which germ layer

A

mesoderm

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24
Q

spleen develops in (ventral/dorsal) mesentery

A

dorsal

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25
Q

The hepatic diverticulum (liver) and cystic diverticulum (gallbladder)
grow from the (dorsal/ventral) side of the duodenum.

A

ventral

26
Q

The pancreas develops from dorsal and ventral pancreatic buds that fuse (before/after) gut rotation

A

after

27
Q

During the 5th week of development the stomach rotates 90o around
its _____ axis

A

craniocaudal

28
Q

the midgut is suspended from the (dorsal/ventral) mesentery

A

dorsal

29
Q

Rapid elongation of the midgut and mesentery

results in the ____

A

primary intestinal loop

30
Q

due to spatial constraints, the
primary intestinal loop
protrudes into the
umbilicus

A

physiological umbilical herniation

31
Q

Reversed rotation of the gut is due to a (clockwise/counterclockwise) 180degree rotation as it retracts

A

clockwise

32
Q

Midgut rotation defects can result in twisting of

the intestine known as

A

volvulus

33
Q

consequences of volvulus

A

obstruction, compromised blood flow

34
Q

a persistent remnant of the

vitelline duct projecting from the ileum

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

35
Q

consequences of Meckel’s diverticulum

A

usually asymptomatic

36
Q

(umbilical hernia/omphalocele): covered by skin

A

umbilical hernia

37
Q

a protrusion of bowel through the umbilical ring covered by a thin membrane that may
rupture

A

omphalocele

38
Q

the protrusion of the bowel

lateral to the umbilical ring with no covering

A

gastroschisis

39
Q

While outside the abdominal cavity, the intestine undergoes a 90o (clockwise/counterclockwise rotation)

A

counterclockwise

40
Q

The cloaca is partitioned into the anorectal canal and

the urogenital sinus by the

A

urorectal septum

41
Q

The cloacal membrane ruptures and the tip of the
urorectal septum forms the
_____

A

perineum

42
Q

Defects in formation of the cloaca or urorectal septum can

result in a ____ or ____ fistula

A

rectourethral or rectovaginal

43
Q

____ or ____ occurs if the

cloacal membrane fails to breakdown properly

A

Imperforate anus or anal stenosis

44
Q

the three constrictor muscles are supplied by what nerves

A

from pharyngeal plexus

45
Q

role of three constrictor muscles

A

decrease lumen of pharynx

46
Q

role of three longitudinal muscles

A

elevate pharynx and larynx during swallowing and phonation

47
Q

innervation of three longitudinal muscles of pharynx

A

pharyngeal plexus, except stylopharyngeus muscle–CN IX

48
Q

where are adenoids (pharyngeal tonsils) located relative to Eustachian tube

A

posterior and superior to opening of Eustachian tube

49
Q

three problems if adenoids are enlarged

A

infection, impair hearing, block air passage

50
Q

where is the oropharynx

A

beneath soft palate and anterior to epiglottis

51
Q

two important landmarks for tonsillectomy

A

palatoglossal and palatopharyngeal arches

52
Q

post op problems for tonsillectomy

A

bleeding from damage to ascending pharyngeal and facial arteries

53
Q

edema in region of tonsillectomy may impinge on which nerve

A

CN IX

54
Q

damage to CN IX causes what symptom

A

loss of taste

55
Q

something stuck in pririform recess would impinge on which nerves

A

internal and recurrent laryngeal nerves

56
Q

five soft palate muscles

A

levator veli palatini, tensor veli palatini, palatoglossus, palatopharyngeus, musuclus uvulae

57
Q

innervation of muscles in soft palate

A

pharyngeal plexus (vagus), except tensor veli–V3

58
Q

what group of muscles controls descent of the larynx during the third stage of swallowing

A

infrahyoids

59
Q

component fibers present in branch of glossopharyngeal nerve found in tonsillar bed

A

somatic motor to stylopharyngeus muscle, general sensory from mucosa of pharynx/tonsils/soft palate and posterior 1/3 of tongue, special sensory post 1/3 tongue

60
Q

component fibers present in branch of glossopharyngeal nerve found in tympanic branch

A

general sensory-mucosa of tympanic cavity, auditory tube, mastoid air cells
lesser petrosal nerve–pregang parasymp to otic ganglion

61
Q

which CN’s must be intact for swallowing

A

V3, 7, 9, 10, 12

Unit 7 (7 decks)

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